Lumbar spine fractures can usually be recovered through non-surgical and surgical treatments depending on the specific case. For patients with lumbar spina bifida who only have mild back pain, no special treatment is usually needed. However, attention should be paid to maintaining good posture of the lower back in daily life and work to avoid chronic strain of the lumbar muscles, and the lumbar dorsal muscles should be strengthened to compensate for the instability of the congenital defect. For patients with lumbar spina bifida who have severe low back pain combined with sciatica or urinary incontinence, the indication for surgery is as follows: severe low back pain with sciatica or urinary incontinence. The main points of the surgery are as follows: if the low back pain is severe and the non-surgical treatment is ineffective, posterior spinal fusion can be given; if it is caused by the rostral spinous process, surgical resection of the deformed fifth lumbar spinous process can be given; if the cauda equina nerve is agitated or compressed, laminectomy and decompression can be given. Relevant patients are recommended to seek timely medical treatment, and should standardize the treatment under the guidance of doctors to avoid adverse consequences.