(Disclaimer: This article is for scientific use only, and the relevant information in the following content has been processed to protect patient privacy.) Abstract: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is an autoimmune disease involving nerve roots and peripheral nerves, manifested by inflammatory demyelinating lesions, and physiological changes such as decreased motor nerve conduction velocity and partial conduction block. In this case, the patient had sudden onset of facial palsy, followed by ptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture, and nerve conduction velocity tests were performed, suggesting chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, followed by hormonal, nerve nutrition, and circulation improvement treatments, and the symptoms of facial palsy were relieved. Basic information】Male, 51 years old 【Disease type】Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy 【Visiting hospital】The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University 【Visiting time】January 2022 【Treatment plan】Medication (methylcobalamin tablets, inosine sodium chloride injection, injectable sodium methylprednisolone succinate, vitamin B1 tablets, prostilbest injection) 【Treatment cycle】Hospitalization for 9 days, 1 month The patient was treated with nerve-nourishing drugs in a local hospital and improved slightly. In order to clarify the cause and further treatment, she came to our hospital. The patient was admitted to the hospital with “polyencephalitis”, and was told that this symptom was suspicious and needed to be further clarified by MRI and lumbar puncture examination after hospitalization. After the patient was admitted to the hospital, further examination was performed immediately. The patient’s vital signs were examined, and the results showed that the patient was relatively conscious, fluent in speech, with a blood pressure of 130/90 mmHg, a heart rate of 77 beats/min, and normal cardiopulmonary auscultation. The patient had right-sided ptosis and bilateral peripheral facial palsy, but the limbs moved normally and the muscle tone of the limbs was normal. The results of cranial MRI showed lacunar cerebral infarction, and lumbar puncture examination was performed, which showed that the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid sugar was 3.01 mmol/L, cerebrospinal fluid chloride was 110.0 mmol/L, cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 160 mmHg, and cerebrospinal fluid albumin was 445 mg/L. Nerve conduction velocity examination was performed, which showed that the patient’s latency of the zygomatic and buccal branches of bilateral lateral nerves was normal, and the wave amplitude was reduced. The preliminary diagnosis was chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The patient was given methylcobalamin injection to nourish the nerves, inosine sodium chloride injection to provide energy for the patient, methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection to relieve the patient’s neuroedema and achieve anti-inflammatory purpose, and vitamin B1 tablets to nourish the nerves and prostilol injection to improve microcirculation. The above are the cranial MRI results III. Treatment effect The patient actively cooperated with the doctor during the hospitalization, and was treated with hormones as well as other drugs every day with a very optimistic attitude. When re-examined after 9 days of hospitalization, the patient’s facial palsy symptoms were relieved, ptosis was no longer obvious, and there was no aggravated progression of the disease, which was an indication for discharge. The patient was told to review in 1 month and to cooperate with rehabilitation therapy during that time. We are pleased that the patient was discharged after active treatment with no aggravation of the symptoms. However, the patient should not relax the control of himself after discharge, and should pay attention to the following points: 1. Pay attention to the symptoms of weakness and numbness of his limbs on a daily basis, and let his family take care of his daily life, and do not perform physical labor; 2. We recommend a high quality protein diet, such as fish, etc. We also need to avoid spicy, stimulating and cold food during the subsequent rehabilitation treatment; 3. In the process of dose reduction, patients should pay close attention to the possible side effects of the drug such as femoral head necrosis, gastric ulcer, hypertension, hyperglycemia, insomnia, etc. Once discomfort occurs, promptly consult the doctor and pay attention to regular review as prescribed by the doctor. V. Personal insight Patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy usually show protein-cell separation on cerebrospinal fluid examination and peripheral nerve damage on nerve conduction velocity examination, which can include axonal, myelin and radicular damage. In addition, strict attention needs to be paid to the presence of respiratory distress during treatment, mainly due to the disease’s tendency to involve respiratory muscles, which can lead to life-threatening conditions. Therefore, patients need to be monitored for vital signs, with particular attention to oxygen saturation indicators, and tracheal intubation, tracheotomy, and ventilator-assisted ventilation if necessary. The prognosis of the disease is related to the patient’s age of onset, clinical type and initial response to treatment. Younger patients with subacute onset or recurrent course usually have a good outcome and complete recovery, and the younger the age of onset, the better the prognosis, with a poorer prognosis for continued progressivity. This patient was fortunate to have a good outcome and no progression was observed at the time of follow-up, which was also related to the patient’s optimism and the promptness of the consultation, among other factors.