After 2 weeks, Lele’s face became paler and paler, and she had a fever, so she took her to the Department of Pediatric Hematology at Peking University People’s Hospital. After careful examination, Dr. B. Wu found that Lele was white and had several small bleeding spots on her legs, and checked Lele’s blood count and found that her white blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets were all below normal. .” After a detailed examination, Lele was diagnosed with acute aplastic anemia after hospitalization. What’s the difference between it and nutritional anemia?” Let’s talk more about anemia in children. Anemia refers to red blood cells or hemoglobin falling below the normal reference value. The low hemoglobin limit is different for children of different ages: within one month of birth, the low hemoglobin limit is 145 g/L; 1-3 months after birth: the low hemoglobin limit is 90 g/L; 4-6 months: the low hemoglobin limit is 100 g/L; 6 months-6 years: the low hemoglobin limit is 110 g/L; over 6 years: the low hemoglobin limit is 120 g/L. As long as the child’s As long as a child’s hemoglobin is below the low limit of normal for children of the same age, he or she is identified as anemic. However, there are many causes of anemia in children, and it should never be assumed that all anemia is nutritional anemia. We classify the causes of anemia in children into three main categories: 1. Decreased erythropoiesis (1) Insufficient raw materials for hematopoiesis The most common disease in this category is the nutritional iron deficiency anemia that parents are most familiar with: it occurs in children from 6 months to 2 years old because the growth and development of children at this stage is rapid, and there are factors such as low meat intake and low iron content in complementary foods in these children. There are also nutritional megaloblastic anemias caused by vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency. These diseases with insufficient hematopoietic materials can be cured quickly after comprehensive treatment such as eliminating the causes and replenishing the materials. (2) Hematopoietic dysfunction A representative disease of this type is aplastic anemia, which is caused by bone marrow failure, resulting in a decrease in the ability to produce blood cells, which affects not only hemoglobin, but also white blood cells and platelets. This type of disease is not effective in replenishing the raw materials for blood production, and immunosuppressive treatment or bone marrow transplantation has to be taken depending on the cause. Malignant tumors, such as acute leukemia and neuroblastoma, can also lead to low bone marrow hematopoiesis and anemia. This type of disease is also ineffective in replenishing hematopoietic materials, and should be treated with chemotherapy after the cause is clearly identified as early as possible. 2. Increased destruction of red blood cells The representative disease of this type of cause is hemolytic anemia. If your child has a bad complexion, dark yellow urine, and an enlarged liver and spleen, you should consider hemolytic anemia. It is not difficult to take your child to the pediatric hematology department, as long as the doctor suspects this type of disease, conduct relevant laboratory tests, and then confirm the diagnosis and treatment. 3. Excessive red blood cell loss Any bleeding, including acute trauma as well as chronic blood loss, can lead to anemia. Some parents of children may feel that their children do not have obvious bleeding, but if they often have chronic abdominal pain, hemorrhoids, chronic cough, hemoptysis, frequent nosebleeds, etc., they also need to be alert to chronic blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, nose, etc. In some adolescent girls, excessive menstruation can also lead to anemia. After removing these blood loss factors anemia can also be corrected. When we recognize these different causes of anemia, we will pay attention to our children’s anemia, and we must visit pediatric hematologists in time to clarify the causes as early as possible and then carry out targeted treatment, so that our children can recover their health as soon as possible