Some middle-aged and elderly people often feel an indescribable discomfort in their legs before going to sleep, which affects their sleep. These discomforts are often described as soreness, burning, anxiety, tightness, etc., and must be relieved by pounding, moving the legs, or walking out of bed, and many of these patients are seen repeatedly for this reason, even though a variety of sedative-hypnotic drugs have failed to improve the symptoms. This type of insomnia may be due to “restless legs syndrome”. Primary restless legs syndrome is a common neurological sensory-motor disorder that occurs in about 10% of adults. However, there is a general lack of knowledge about this disease, which has led to many patients being misdiagnosed with other conditions such as circulatory disorders, arthritis, and spinal injuries. The clinical manifestations of restless leg syndrome are mainly unexplained discomfort in the lower extremities, which is apparent at rest or in a quiet state, especially when sitting or lying in bed at night, and patients are often forced to move their lower extremities to alleviate the discomfort. This disease can be primary or secondary to other diseases such as peripheral neuropathy, Parkinson’s disease, uremia, iron deficiency anemia, varicose veins, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. It can also be seen after gastrectomy. The disease is particularly common in women and the elderly. At present, there have been many advances in the treatment of restless legs syndrome. Studies have found that the abnormal function of the postsynaptic dopaminergic system is closely related to the disease, so dopamine drugs can improve the symptoms, and dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonists are effective and have been widely used in Europe and the United States for the treatment of primary moderate and severe restless legs syndrome. In China, the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome have also made remarkable progress, solving the insomnia problems brought about by such symptoms in many patients.