Esophageal squamous epithelial focal mild atypical hyperplasia belongs to precancerous lesions of esophageal cancer, and the risk of cancer is relatively low. Esophageal squamous epithelial atypical hyperplasia is a cancerous lesion characterized by squamous cells in the epithelium of the esophageal mucosa, and mild esophageal squamous epithelial focal mild atypical hyperplasia has a relatively low risk of cancer. The 2018 Esophageal Cancer Diagnostic and Treatment Code states that for those with mild atypical hyperplasia of the esophageal squamous epithelium, it is recommended that they be followed up once every 3 years, and if there is no progression, then it is sufficient to continue to follow up on a regular basis, and if there is any progression, then appropriate treatment will be given. Focal mild atypical hyperplasia of the esophageal squamous epithelium carries the risk of progression to esophageal cancer, but the risk of progression varies among individuals. It is recommended to consult a doctor when symptoms occur to avoid delay.