BPH is one of the most common benign diseases causing voiding disorders in middle-aged and elderly men. The specific mechanism of its occurrence is unclear and may be caused by a balanced disruption of epithelial and mesenchymal cell proliferation and apoptosis, which manifests histologically as hyperplasia of the interstitial and glandular components of the prostate, anatomically as enlargement of the prostate, and urodynamically as obstruction of the bladder outlet. The incidence of BPH increases gradually with age, from 40% in the age group 51-60 years, 70% in the age group 61-70 years, 80% in the age group 71-80 years, and >90% in the age group >80 years. BPH leads to prolongation of the posterior urethra, deformation by pressure, stricture and increased urethral resistance, with clinical manifestations dominated by bladder irritation signs and obstructive symptoms. The treatment mainly includes watchful waiting, pharmacological treatment, minimally invasive treatment and surgical treatment, all of which are aimed at improving patients’ quality of life and protecting renal function. Transurethral resection of the prostate is the most commonly used method in urology for the treatment of BPH, and is considered the gold standard for the treatment of BPH. In recent years, as a mature, safe, effective and minimally invasive intracavitary technique, transurethral resection of the prostate TURP has been widely used in the treatment of BPH. It is characterized by fast cutting speed, delicate operation, minimal trauma and fast healing.