The lumbar spine osteoarthritis mass causes a series of degenerative diseases, and the back pain it brings can often be disabling and miss work, thus becoming a serious burden. Traditional treatments include conservative and surgical procedures. The incidence of lumbar spine osteoarthritis varies from country to country. For example, the United Kingdom has a higher incidence than Japan. China has a high incidence of lumbar spine osteoarthritis, especially in the west. Moreover, it worsens with age. Scholars conducted a population-based study suggesting that symptomatic lumbar degenerative osteoarthritis is highly prevalent in Chinese adults with an incidence of 8.9%, and the article was published in Spine in August 2014. The study was based on different communities and staged sampling, and included a total of 3,859 adults aged 18 years or older who had lived in Beijing for more than six months. The diagnosis of lumbar spine osteoarthritis included clinical symptoms (low back pain and numbness), physical examination and imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI). The results of the study showed that the initial prevalence of lumbar spine osteoarthritis was 9.02% and the corrected prevalence was 8.90%. There was no significant difference in prevalence among urban, suburban, and rural populations (7.66%, 9.97%, and 9.44%, respectively). The prevalence was higher in females than in males (10.05% vs. 9.1%) and increased with age. The incidence of lumbar spine osteoarthritis is higher in obese individuals (body mass index greater than 28 Kg/m2), manual workers, those who work in the same position for 1-1.9 hours per day, those who vibrate at work every day, and those who sleep less than 7 hours per day. These characteristics varied in different populations. The above findings set epidemiological baseline data for adult lumbar spine osteoarthritis, especially in adults under 45 years of age. The high prevalence of lumbar spine osteoarthritis in Beijing will become a serious problem in an aging society. The characteristics of lumbar spine osteoarthritis vary in different populations, and specific interventions are required. In this study, the prevalence of lumbar spine osteoarthritis was similar to that of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (8.2%) and diabetes mellitus (9.7%), indicating that it is more prevalent in Beijing. The prevalence of lumbar spine osteoarthritis has been reported differently in different cities in China. The differences reported in different studies mainly lie in the different definitions of lumbar spine osteoarthritis. Only osteoarthritis due to lumbar pain degeneration was included in this study, and adults under 40 years of age were included and found to have an appreciable prevalence in this population. The risk factors for lumbar spine osteoarthritis identified in this study can all be used in interventions for lumbar spine osteoarthritis. The cases in this study included only those with symptomatic lumbar osteoarthritis, and those with lumbar degeneration without clinical symptoms may have been overlooked, thereby underestimating the incidence of lumbar osteoarthritis.