1.Pharmacological treatment (1)Glucocorticoids: The pharmacological mechanism of glucocorticoids against metaplasia mainly includes inhibiting mast cells, basophils and mucosal inflammatory reaction; reducing the number of eosinophils; stabilizing the nasal mucosal epithelium and vascular endothelial barrier; reducing the sensitivity of the gland to cholinergic receptors. They include nasal hormones and oral hormones.
Nasal hormones are locally absorbed, with low systemic bioavailability, rapid onset of action and good safety. They can be applied continuously for a long time. The side effects are mainly rhinorrhea and nasal mucosa atrophy. Oral hormones are mainly used for short-term surprise treatment, applied continuously for 10 to 14 days, and are mostly given in the morning on an empty stomach to relieve symptoms.
(2) Anti-group 2, allergen-specific therapy: Allergen-specific therapy is mainly used to treat allergic rhinitis caused by inhaled allergens such as dust mites and household dust mites. By repeatedly and incrementally increasing the dose of allergens, the patient’s tolerance to the allergen can be improved so that the allergen will not develop again when exposed to it or the symptoms will be reduced.
The methods include sublingual and subcutaneous injections, and the course of treatment takes 2 to 3 years. It is divided into dosage accumulation phase and dosage maintenance phase. During the course of treatment, attention should be paid to the regular use of medication and avoiding the stimulation of adverse triggers. Prevent colds.
3.Surgery. For some patients who are not well treated with medication and immunotherapy, selective neurectomy, such as the pterygoid nerve, can be considered to help control the patient’s symptoms.
If allergic rhinitis is not effectively treated in a timely manner, complications such as sinusitis, secretory otitis media, asthma, etc. may occur. Therefore, the majority of patients and friends please follow the doctor’s advice to actively treat, regulate the use of drugs, healthy and happy every day.