【Keywords】 Military training injuries, preventive measures, military training is the central task of the troops, in the implementation of the training process, some officers and soldiers due to the lack of strong sense of protection, protective measures are not implemented, the organization of the training method is not scientific and psychological quality is not good and other factors, which can easily lead to the occurrence of training injuries. In order to protect and improve the training effect of troops, analyze the characteristics of military training injuries, put forward targeted preventive measures to reduce the incidence of training injuries and improve the combat effectiveness of troops. Combined with the training situation of grassroots companies, we will discuss the causes of common military training injuries, analyze the injury-causing factors and preventive measures. Wang Weiguo, Department of Orthopedic and Traumatologic Surgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region 1 Occurrence of Military Training Injuries and Factors Affecting The Occurrence of Training Subjects: The occurrence of training injuries has a direct relationship with the intensity, frequency, and difficulty of training, and the higher the intensity, frequency, and difficulty, the higher the incidence of training injuries. Training subjects are too concentrated and irrationally arranged to exceed the physiological threshold of the body as the causative factors of training injuries. Different training injuries occur in different subjects: night marching is easy to cause ankle sprain, grenade throwing training is easy to cause shoulder sprain and humerus fracture, double bar inverted fall is easy to produce thoracic and neck trauma, inverted training is easy to cause craniocerebral injury, and so on. 2 training environment 2.1 whether the training site meets the requirements of the site is too hard, too slippery, untidy, etc., will increase the lower limbs to withstand stress, the ground is too hard is also the most common cause of cervical spine injury. The unevenness of the ground is easy to cause sprains or fall injuries, while too soft ground can reduce the impact, but it is easy to cause knee and ankle sprains. 2.2 Whether the training equipment is intact, such as the firmness and stability of the single and double bar, the log bridge, etc., and whether the trainee’s attire and shoes are effective in protecting the trainee. 2.3 The training of the preparatory activities are sufficient, the preparatory activities can improve the muscle tissue nerve excitability, strengthen the muscle ligament stretch and flexibility, and promote thinking activities, conducive to the body in a good state, in order to improve the training performance and prevent training injuries. 2.4 Whether the psychological balance of psychological factors is an important factor in the occurrence of training injuries, psychological maladaptation will trigger the whole physiological and mental state of the disorders, especially the lack of training basis for new recruits, some of the trainees have fear, anxiety, affecting the relaxation of their bodies and minds, the muscles and ligaments joints are stiff, the movement is not coordinated, which is easy to lead to the occurrence of training injuries. 2.5 Training site The site where training injuries occur is consistent with the main training site. Training injuries occur in the limbs, especially in the lower limbs, such as acute traumatic injuries and overuse injuries.Lauder et al. found that for both men and women, the knee is the most vulnerable part of the body, especially its anterior cruciate ligament is the most vulnerable part of the body. In training, the lower limbs bear the heaviest load, and the stress acts on the lower limbs for a long time, which increases the chance of lower limb injury. 3 Classification of military training injuries Military training injuries are caused by military training directly leading to tissue and organ dysfunction of the participants. 3.1 Soft tissue injuries mainly include abrasions, contusions, lacerations and avulsions, acute lumbar sprains, chronic lumbar strain, lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse, tendonitis and tenosynovitis, myofasciitis, synovitis. 3.2 Bone and joint injuries mainly include fractures, joint dislocations, joint sprains. 3.3 Organ injuries mainly include head, chest, abdominal organs, as well as eye and ear injuries. 4 Preventive Measures for Military Training Injuries The prevention of military training injuries should be based on the “physiological-psychological-social medicine” model, and according to the characteristics of the troops and the requirements of the training program of the troops, we should make the best use of the situation and maximize the prevention of the occurrence of training injuries. 4.1 Strengthen the scientific nature of training management Scientific and reasonable arrangement of military training is one of the important links in the prevention of training injuries. Scientific development of training plans and closely organized implementation, not only can effectively overcome the internal and external factors that can easily cause injuries in training, but also can reduce the incidence of training injuries, thereby improving the quality and effectiveness of training. 4.1.1 Strengthen the knowledge of military training safety and protection Conscientiously implement the relevant requirements and provisions of the army’s military training health protection, in order to make all the participants fully understand the importance of preventing training injuries, popularize the knowledge of protection against training injuries, and understand the operating procedures of equipment training, as well as the correct use of protective equipment. 4.1.2 Reasonable arrangement, scientific training Carefully study the army orders, regulations and relevant policy documents, according to the training outline, reasonable arrangement of training subjects, do not engage in a rush to achieve the target, surprise. Training should be carefully planned, closely organized, in accordance with the first simple and then complex, first easy and then difficult, first weak and then strong, first small and then large progressive way to arrange the progress and intensity, to avoid excessive training of a single action. Warm-up activities should be done before training for 10-15min, and relaxation activities should be done after training. Training in the training to grasp the training guide, practically according to the movement essentials for practice, to do physical strength, skill movement combination, in order to avoid and reduce training injuries as much as possible. 4.1.3 Strengthen the health supervision and health protection in military training In order to ensure the implementation of the military training program, improve the quality of training, reduce or avoid the occurrence of military training injuries, the army health personnel should do a good job in the training of health supervision and protection. (1) Before the troops carry out systematic military training, the health department should carry out a comprehensive assessment of the physical fitness and health of the participants, and make timely adjustments to the training department for some of the injuries and illnesses that affect training. (2) In the process of physical training, health personnel should go deep into the training site, do a good job of safety protection, for bandaging, hemostasis, immobilization, handling, artificial respiration, chest compressions and other first aid techniques on-site demonstration, in order to further improve the participants’ ability to self-prevention and self-rescue and mutual aid. (3) Pay attention to dietary hygiene and nutrition during training. Reasonable diet is conducive to enhance the physical fitness of officers and soldiers and the rapid recovery of physical strength after training. The meal before training should be easy to digest high sugar low fat food, after training can be appropriate to eat high fat, high protein food. When sweating a lot of water and salt should be properly supplemented. (4) Ensure adequate sleep. Lack of sleep and excessive fatigue will often increase the incidence of training injuries. It has been reported that many military training injuries are related to this. Adequate sleep and energy are essential to reduce training injuries. 4.2 Psychological guidance, strengthen the psychological training of all participants in the training of mental health assessment, to make a comprehensive assessment of the psychological quality, do a good job of the corresponding psychological education and psychological guidance, psychological factors on the training of the impact of the psychological factors and ways to maintain psychological stability, to overcome the training of the sense of fear and nervousness, to reduce psychological pressure, to enhance self-confidence and initiative, to strengthen the psychological adaptability of training to improve the ability to adapt to the training. Improve the adaptability of training. 4.3 Regular maintenance of equipment and equipment, scientific selection of the training environment Establish a system of strict inspection of the site and equipment before each training, and then training to ensure the safety of training. In training, generally choose the leveled soil and gravel ground, and pay attention to the removal of obstacles in the site, such as metal, to maintain the integrity of the training site and equipment to reach 100%. 5 Principles of treatment of military training injuries 5.1 Principles of treatment of soft tissue injuries 5.1.1 Soft tissue injuries are treated by rest, cold compress, compression, elevation of the affected limbs, local braking, and hot compress, elimination of non-infectious inflammation, rehabilitation physiotherapy, etc., to relieve pain, reduce swelling and inflammation. 5.1.1.1 Rest The first thing to do after a training trauma occurs is to rest, which can reduce pain, reduce the development of inflammation, and prevent the injury from worsening. 5.1.1.2 Cold compresses Use ice (block) bags, below 13 ~ 18 ℃ cold water immersion, 24 ~ 48h after the injury is the urgent need for the period, each time the cold compresses 20 ~ 30min. cold compresses can reduce the tissue fluid exudation of swelling, bleeding, inflammation and pain. 5.1.1.3 Compression Wrap the affected area with elastic bandage to reduce swelling and tissue fluid exudation. 5.1.1.4 Elevation of the affected limb and localized braking Reduce blood flow to the affected area and reduce the resistance to reflux in order to relieve swelling of the affected limb. 5.1.1.5 Hot compresses Apply when there is no swelling or bleeding 24h after the injury to relieve the stiffness of the affected muscles and joints. 5.1.1.6 Open soft tissue injuries Except for superficial abrasions and small puncture wounds, early initial surgical debridement should be done. 5.1.1.7 Rehabilitation physiotherapy can help to accelerate early recovery and ease the progression of the injury. 5.1.2 If the above treatments are ineffective, surgical treatment may be indicated. 5.1.3 Strengthen functional exercise during the recovery period to prevent muscle and ligament contracture. 5.2 Principles of treatment for bone and joint injuries Firstly, judge the injury, and judge whether there is fracture or dislocation according to the four characteristics of local pain, deformity, swelling and functional limitation. 5.2.1 Fracture Correctly implement the repositioning and fixation of displaced fracture segments, the limb must be fixed in the functional position or the position required for treatment, and the fracture site is indeed fixed. The unfixed joint should be fully functionally active to prevent stiffness. After removing the fixation, the affected limb should be fully active to restore its function, and if necessary, it can be combined with physiotherapy, physical therapy, external application of Chinese herbs and rehabilitation therapy. 5.2.2 Joint dislocation: Strive to reset the dislocated joint early and correctly, and choose manipulative reset under anesthesia (painless and muscle relaxation). If the manipulation fails, incision can be performed as appropriate. 5.2.3 Sprain of joints should be treated as soft tissue injury. 5.3 Principles of organ injury treatment Organ injury is a serious training injury, the key to treatment is to deal with life-threatening complications as soon as possible: shock, asphyxia, coma, hemorrhage, etc., in accordance with the first aid plan for on-site rescue, emergency hospitalization and specialized treatment.