1, hand trauma patients need to pay attention to what? ① choose to have hand surgery specialty advantage of hospital treatment. ② properly preserved limb (finger). ③ Generally prohibit the use of blood pressure medication and hemostatic drugs. During the period of hospitalization and bed rest, you should eat soft, easy to digest food, such as vegetables, fruits, fresh fish, shrimp and all kinds of high-protein food, less hard, cold, fried food, avoid spicy food. ⑤ Prohibit smoking. ⑥Patients undergoing microsurgery need to stay in bed for 7-10 days. (7) Functional rehabilitation exercises should be carried out under the guidance of specialized doctors. The importance of one-stage surgery for hand trauma The principle of treatment for hand trauma is early and thorough debridement, correct treatment of deep tissue injury, one-stage closure of the wound and correct postoperative treatment. If one-stage treatment is proper, patients can get maximum hand function recovery. However, to treat hand trauma, the surgeon must have solid knowledge and skills in the specialty of hand surgery, and must also have superior microsurgical techniques to achieve this goal. Hand trauma is often bleeding wounds, the condition is urgent, fear of patients with life-threatening injuries, the vast majority of patients choose to go to the nearest grass-roots hospitals or general hospitals that do not specialize in hand surgery, due to the lack of specialized hand surgery technology and equipment in these hospitals, the patient naturally impossible to get the right treatment, resulting in a variety of adverse consequences, the lesser wound infections, the long-lasting healing, and left with serious hand dysfunction, the more serious result in necrosis of the limb. In the worst case, it leads to necrosis of the limb, leaving the lifelong regret of missing fingers and limbs. Although some patients’ functions have been improved to a certain extent after the second-stage surgery, it is impossible for them to achieve the effect of the first-stage correct treatment recovery. This is mainly attributed to: on the one hand, the patient does not understand the importance of one-stage surgery for hand trauma; on the other hand, the mistaken belief that bleeding from the wound may be fatal. Therefore, once the hand trauma, in order to maximize the avoidance or reduction of disability, the correct approach is: local pressure bandage to stop bleeding, simple immobilization of the wound, and then quickly transferred to the hand surgery specialist technical advantage of the hospital. 3, hand trauma on-site rescue The purpose of hand trauma on-site rescue is to stop bleeding, reduce further contamination of the wound, prevent aggravation of tissue damage and rapid transfer. The correct method is to choose a sterile dressing or clean cloth local pressure bandage to stop bleeding (local pressure bandage is the hand trauma is the most simple and effective method of hemostasis), and then can be local materials, the choice of wood, bamboo, cardboard and other equipment local fixed to achieve pain, prevent secondary injury, easy to transfer purposes. Common error is to use rubber tubing or shoelace strapping, on the one hand, venous return blockage, but can not completely block arterial blood flow, wound bleeding is more serious; on the other hand, strapping is too tight, may lead to nerve damage, local skin damage and distal limb ischemia. 4, the preservation of the severed finger The preservation of the severed finger by refrigeration can reduce the metabolism of the tissue, slow down the degeneration of the tissue, and create conditions for the survival of the severed finger replantation. The correct preservation method of the severed finger is as follows: after the finger is severed, the severed finger should be wrapped with 8 layers of gauze, or wrapped with a piece of relatively clean fabric or paper towel, and then put it into a plastic bag without leakage holes, and then put it into a heat preservation bucket with the mouth facing upward and bury 2/3 of it between ice cubes at a temperature of 4°C. The temperature of 4°C for low-temperature preservation is more desirable. Common wrong preservation methods: ① the broken finger directly into the ice cubes or ice bottles containing sorbet. ② Soak the severed finger in alcohol, complex iodine and other disinfectant or saline. ③ Put the amputated finger in the pocket. 5, amputated limb (finger) re-implantation time limit Usually, once the limb (finger) severed, amputated finger, amputated limb re-implantation is a matter of minutes and seconds, in principle, the sooner the better, according to the histopathological and morphological observations, the limb is separated from the body within 10 hours of tissue was mild degeneration, 10 hours after the moderate to severe degeneration, so with the prolongation of limb ischemia time, the re-implantation survival rate is gradually reduced. But in the cold season or region, or disembodied fingers, limbs after the correct refrigeration preservation, can relatively extend the ischemic time of the finger body, more than 24 hours or even 36 hours also have the possibility of reimplantation survival. 6.Why can’t hand trauma patients smoke? As we all know, nicotine in cigarettes can cause vasospasm, resulting in impaired blood flow in the fingers, especially replantation of the finger is more likely to occur, therefore, hand surgery and microsurgery should be prohibited from smoking in the hospital area, finger reimplantation or microsurgery patients should be included in the routine to give up smoking, and warn the patient not to enter the smoking area, can not be shared with smokers. Smoking caused by reimplantation finger necrosis has been a number of cases, the lesson is profound, hand trauma patients should pay great attention to. 7, hand trauma patients is necessary for rehabilitation? In the past, people mistakenly believe that rehabilitation is convalescence, rehabilitation is a waste of money, and are not willing to carry out rehabilitation treatment, delaying the best time for patients to rehabilitate. In fact, the recovery of patient’s function is closely related to the rehabilitation, therefore, in addition to timely and correct initial surgical treatment and the necessary late treatment, should also be early in the hand function rehabilitation room for a more systematic rehabilitation, give full play to the patient’s subjective initiative, active, long-term hand function exercise, more use of the affected hand, the application of physiotherapy, exercise therapy, occupational therapy, psychological rehabilitation, hand support and other auxiliary treatment methods, in order to maximize the recovery of the hand. We should apply physiotherapy, exercise therapy, occupational therapy, psychological rehabilitation, hand support and other auxiliary treatments to maximize the recovery of hand function. Please remember: Successful cure = surgery (50%) + rehabilitation (50%). 8. How can patients improve the function of their hands? With the continuous progress of society, people’s demand for quality of life and health is getting higher and higher, after the hand trauma is not only the requirement of complete appearance, beautiful, but also the need to restore the function of the hand, without affecting the quality of life and working ability. As the saying goes: “three parts surgery, seven parts exercise”, highlighting the importance of hand function exercise. However, the hand function exercise should be under the guidance of the rehabilitation physician, according to different periods of time using different effective methods, and to do hard work, perseverance, in order to achieve the desired results. Specific methods are as follows. 1, hand trauma patients must be under the guidance of a physician for hand function exercise, fracture surgery about four weeks to start exercise; 2, passive hand joint exercise: that is, the use of external force extension and flexion of the hand joints, in accordance with the wrist joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, near interphalangeal joints, far interphalangeal joints in the order of step-by-step type of activity joints, extension and flexion of the joints, to maintain the force of 20 minutes, to overcome the violence of the joints, in order to try to joints to normal joint range of activity; 3, hand trauma patients must be under the guidance of a rehabilitation physician to carry out functional exercise. 3, active hand joint extension and flexion exercise, which is the main method of the patient’s own exercise: the healthy side of the hand to fix a joint, active flexion and extension of another joint, each flexion and extension, so that it reaches the maximum; free flexion and extension of the joints; for the palm movement; for the thumb extensor and retractor movement; according to the above order of cyclic exercises, until the joints feel a slight soreness until the joints. 4, resistance training: can be used to pimp the method of exercise to increase the finger flexion and extension, introspection and palmar muscle strength, these methods should be large force, each action lasts 3-4 seconds, repeat 10-20 times / minute, until the local fatigue until, 1-2 times a day. 5 {skills training: in addition to practicing the pen, chopsticks, buttons, and other daily life actions, but also should be practiced in the use of a variety of production tools.