The advantages of microscopic varicocele surgery are mainly the delicate operation, fewer intraoperative and postoperative complications, but the disadvantages are the high cost and the high level of operator skill required. Microscopic surgery is able to repair small lesions and vascular injuries due to the operator’s small surgical field and magnification effect. At the same time, due to the smaller trauma of microscopic surgery, it has the advantages of less intraoperative bleeding and fewer postoperative complications, which can reduce the date of hospitalization. The disadvantage is that the operation is delicate and requires a high level of skill from the surgeon. At the same time, the use of instruments is characterized by higher costs. To summarize, patients are advised to consult with the relevant surgeon and choose a suitable surgical method based on their own situation and the surgeon’s recommendations.