Portal hypertension is a group of syndromes caused by abnormal hemodynamics and persistent pressure increase in the portal venous system. In most patients, it is caused by hepatic steatosis, but in a few patients it is secondary to obstruction of portal trunk or hepatic venous return and some unexplained factors. When portal blood cannot flow smoothly through the liver and back to the heart via the inferior vena cava, it causes increased pressure in the portal vein and a series of related clinical manifestations, such as splenomegaly, hypersplenism (leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemia), esophagogastric fundus varices and even ruptured bleeding (vomiting blood, black stools, bloody stools), hepatic encephalopathy (lethargy, coma), ascites (abdominal distention, peritonitis), etc. Most domestic patients are suffering from cirrhosis due to various types of viral hepatitis, schistosomiasis infection, long-term heavy alcohol consumption, etc. The return flow of portal blood to the liver is obstructed, which to some extent causes increased pressure in the portal venous system and eventually leads to a series of adverse consequences until surgery is required. 1.What is the main treatment purpose of portal hypertension? Portal hypertension is not an independent disease of a single organ, but a group of clinical syndrome involving multiple organs and systems, the mechanism is complex, the cause and the development and evolution of the whole disease are not completely clear, the main complications are splenomegaly hypersplenism, esophagogastric fundic varices and ruptured bleeding, ascites, etc., in which upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by esophagogastric fundic varices is a serious complication of portal hypertension It is also the main cause of death in patients with portal hypertension. Therefore, splenomegaly, hypersplenism and bleeding from varices and rupture of esophagogastric fundic veins are the main treatment objectives of portal hypertension. 2.What are the main treatments for portal hypertension? There are various treatment methods for portal hypertension, such as splenectomy, most of splenectomy, splenic artery ligation, splenic radiofrequency ablation, splenic embolization, etc. for hypersplenism; endoscopic ligature or sclerotherapy injection, intervention (TIPSS), shunt, dissection, combined surgery, etc. for esophagogastric fundic varices and ruptured bleeding; liver transplantation can treat advanced cirrhosis combined with portal hypertension more thoroughly. As there are many factors affecting the efficacy and prognosis of various treatments, the treatment of portal hypertension requires the selection of targeted and individualized treatment plans according to the patient’s condition in order to improve the efficacy, reduce complications, improve the quality of life and prolong the patient’s life.