The causes of mental retardation include prenatal diseases, diseases at birth, postnatal diseases, syndromes, etc. Its treatment includes treatment of the original disease, education and training, medication, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, etc.
1.Etiology:
(1) prenatal lesions: ① chromosomal abnormalities: such as trisomy 21. ② inborn metabolic disease: such as phenylketonuria. (3) Congenital brain malformations: such as anencephaly. (iv) Intrauterine infection: e.g. congenital syphilis.
(2) Diseases at birth: e.g. intracranial hemorrhage, birth injury, infection, preterm birth.
(3) Diseases after birth: e.g. bilirubin encephalopathy, carbon monoxide poisoning.
(4) Syndromes: such as self-destructive features syndrome, eye-brain-renal syndrome.
(5) Unknown causes: about 40% to 75%.
2.Treatment:
(1) Treatment of primary diseases: such as phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism, most of the intelligence can be restored to normal if timely treatment is started within 3 months after birth.
(2) Education and training: commonly used methods include family intelligence training, language training, guided education and homework therapy.
(3) Drug therapy: Commonly used drugs include tetrahexose ganglioside monosialate and rat nerve growth factor to promote the recovery of damaged central nerves.
(3) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: Hyperbaric oxygen has a mild excitatory effect on the central nervous system, which can promote oxidative metabolism in the brain, enhance brain function, and improve intelligence and memory.
(4) Physiotherapy: transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve the brain environment, increase the oxygen and blood supply of brain tissue, repair damaged brain cells and restore brain function.
Parents should take patients to hospitals in time and standardize the treatment under the guidance of doctors.