With the improvement of living standards, the incidence of type 2 diabetes in China has increased significantly in recent years, and there is a trend of younger people. Because the onset of type 2 diabetes is slow and the clinical symptoms are insidious, many patients do not necessarily have the obvious symptoms of “three more and one less” (i.e. drinking more, eating more, urinating more and losing weight, etc.) in the early stage, so that when they wait for hospital consultation, they already have high blood glucose, such as fasting blood glucose over 15 mmol/L and postprandial blood glucose over 20 mmol/L. At this point, in addition to providing the patient with relevant diabetes education, the doctor will consider the evaluation of their complications and the choice of treatment options. Short-term insulin therapy may be recommended, which patients who have just been “upgraded” to diabetes may find difficult to accept. Some patients may think that their diabetes is a result of “eating” and that their blood glucose will drop to normal as long as they control their diet; they also think that diabetes medications are dependent and insulin is the last carriage in diabetes treatment, so they should not start insulin therapy until it is the last resort. Indeed, the traditional treatment of type 2 diabetes often takes a ladder therapy: from diet and exercise to single drug oral, and then to combined oral, until the disease can no longer be effectively controlled, doctors will use insulin therapy this last “carriage”. Some patients even think that insulin is “addictive”, just like tobacco addiction, and become dependent after using it. Also, some patients are very resistant to insulin treatment because of the fear of injection or the fear of trouble. In fact, these are misunderstandings. First of all, it should be clear that insulin is secreted by the body itself, and it is an essential substance, without which blood sugar will remain high. Secondly, there are many hormones in the human body that raise blood sugar, but insulin is almost the only hormone that lowers blood sugar. When the body cannot secrete and utilize insulin properly, it needs to control blood sugar by injecting exogenous insulin. So, what conditions require insulin therapy? The first is type 1 diabetic patients, where the pancreatic beta cells have lost their secretory function due to immune destruction. At present, 95% of our patients are type 2 patients. In addition to poor control by traditional oral medications, patients with chronic complications of diabetes, liver and kidney insufficiency, and wasting need insulin therapy, while insulin therapy is needed in acute complications of diabetes (non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma, lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis), combined with serious infections, trauma, and when diabetic patients undergo surgery. In 382 patients aged 25-70 years with blood glucose concentrations of 7.0-16.7 mmol/L, early intensive treatment with insulin resulted in better recovery and maintenance of beta-cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes compared to conventional step therapy. After careful observation and comparison over time, the researchers found that more patients in the insulin treatment group reached their glycemic control goals and took less time to reach them than those in the oral hypoglycemic therapy group. Moreover, the patients’ glycemic remission rate after one year was significantly improved compared with that of the oral group. This study has received widespread attention from endocrinologists at home and abroad, and is a solid evidence-based medical basis for early insulin therapy in new-onset diabetes. Therefore, unlike the traditional concept, insulin therapy is no longer the last option for diabetes treatment, and for patients with new-onset diabetes, short-term insulin therapy can often result in longer-term comprehensive metabolic control, which can restore the secretion of insulin from their own β-cells as early as possible, in addition to preventing the occurrence of complications by bringing blood glucose to the standard early, so that patients can benefit in the long term after short-term intensification.