Lumbar herniation is lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, pyriformis syndrome and lumbar intervertebral disc herniation are different in pathological changes, pathogenesis location, examination focus and treatment methods. 1. Pathological changes: pyriformis syndrome is an increase in tension of the pyriformis muscle of the hip joint, spasm stimulates and presses the neighboring sciatic nerve, leading to symptoms in the lower limbs. Lumbar disc herniation is the herniated disc nucleus pulposus and other tissues stimulate the nerve root caused by lower extremity radicular symptoms. 2. Location: Piriformis syndrome is caused by hip compression, the pain location is mainly in the buttocks, and there will be radiating pain in the lower limbs. Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation pain is located in the lumbar region, and radiating pain in the lower limbs will occur. 3. Focus of the examination: when straight leg raising test is performed for pyriformis syndrome, the pain will increase within 60°, but will be relieved when it exceeds 60°, and the diagnosis can be assisted by doing the pyriformis muscle tension test. Lumbar disc herniation can be diagnosed by doing pearly muscle tension test. Lumbar disc herniation can be diagnosed by doing lumbar disc CT, MRI, etc. The pain will become more severe when the amplitude of the leg raising test is greater. 4. Treatment: The most effective treatment for pyriformis syndrome is surgery, which can also be combined with physical therapy to effectively improve daily mobility. The majority of lumbar protrusions can be treated conservatively to improve symptoms, such as physical therapy and life management. Suspected pear-shaped muscle syndrome or lumbar protrusion, should go to the hospital in a timely manner, a clear diagnosis, timely treatment, not to judge on their own, so as not to cause adverse consequences.