The location of varicocele is the trailing venous plexus of the internal spermatic veins. Abnormal elongation, dilatation and tortuosity of this tissue can cause symptoms such as scrotal distension and vague pain.
Primary varicocele is usually caused by underdevelopment of the venous valves in the internal spermatic cord and weakness of the smooth muscle or elastic fibers in the walls of the venous plexus. Secondary varicocele can be caused by compression from retroperitoneal tumors, renal tumors, etc., which result in venous dilatation, abnormal elongation, and tortuosity of the veins of the trapezoidal plexus of the internal spermatic cord.
When the symptoms of varicocele are severe, the scrotum on the affected side may be distended, have a feeling of swelling, hidden pain and other symptoms, and the symptoms are usually aggravated when walking or standing for too long.
Varicocele affects the spermatogenic function of testicles and can lead to male infertility, which needs to be treated actively.