The symptoms of vision loss after a head injury may be caused by trauma-induced optic nerve injury. Optic nerve injury is the most common and serious complication of craniocerebral injury. As a result of head injury, external force can be transmitted through the skull to the optic nerve causing optic nerve injury, or the skull base fracture canal can damage the optic nerve, resulting in vision loss and/or visual field impairment. On physical examination, the patient presents with dilated pupils on the affected side, a blunted or absent light reflex, and the presence of an indirect light reflex. When this occurs, the optic nerve injury should be treated along with aggressive treatment of cranial trauma to reduce cerebral edema, reduce the compression of the optic nerve, and promote functional recovery of the optic nerve. Patients with indications for surgery, if present, need to undergo timely surgical treatment.