Differential diagnosis of cholestasis

The early manifestation of gallbladder stones is biliary stagnation, which is related to the long-term irregularity of life without breakfast. Differential diagnosis of biliary stasis: 1. Cholesterol stones The main component of stones is cholesterol, mostly oval (single) or multifaceted (multiple), with smooth or slightly nodular surface, yellow or yellow-white, light and soft, with radiolucent lines in the section, and not visible on X-ray plain film. These stones are mostly in the gallbladder, often single, and large, up to several centimeters in diameter. These stones are less common in China than in Europe and the United States, and their incidence does not exceed 20% of cholelithiasis. 2.Bile pigment stones are mainly calcium bilirubin and may contain a small amount of cholesterol. They are mostly mud-like, soft and brittle, some are like mud masses, some are like sand grains, brown-black or brown-red, varying in size. Because of the low calcium content, they are not visible on X-rays. The size of sand grains is 1-10mm, often multiple, mostly in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. 3.Mixed stones are made of cholesterol, bile pigment and calcium salts. They are multifaceted particles with smooth surface and blunt rounded edges, dark green or brown in color, with circular lamellar or trunk-like annual rings or radiolucent cut surfaces. Because of the high calcium content, they are sometimes visible on X-ray (i.e., called positive stones). They are mostly found in the gallbladder, but also in the larger bile ducts, and vary in size and number, often multiple, usually 20 to 30. Mixed bilirubin-based gallstones are the most common in China, accounting for more than 90% of all gallstone cases.