Allergic rhinitis, medically called allergic rhinitis, is an allergic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity, usually with watery nasal discharge, itching, congestion, and sneezing. In the United States, it is the most common disease in which nasal symptoms occur in association with the eyes. It begins in two-thirds of patients before the age of 30, but can occur at any age. Some allergic rhinitis has a strong genetic predisposition. A parent with a history of allergic rhinitis has about a 30% chance of having a child with the disease, and if both parents have a history of allergic rhinitis, the chance of having a child with the disease increases by 50%. What are the allergens? Many perennial and seasonal allergens cause allergic rhinitis. For example, dust mites, cockroaches, molds, and animal dander are all common allergens throughout the year. Pollen from trees, grasses, and ragweed are primarily seasonal outdoor allergens. Seasonal pollen relies on the wind of heterogeneous pollination. Plants depend on insect pollination, such as yellow flowers and dandelions, which do not usually cause allergic rhinitis. Mold spores grow in warm, humid environments. The highest mold spore counts occur in early spring, late summer and early fall, but indoor mold spores are measurable. Animal allergens are also important indoor allergens. The main cat allergens are secreted through the skin and sebaceous glands of animals. These allergens are small, lightweight proteins that are capable of being suspended and staying in the air for up to six hours. Diseases associated with allergic rhinitis Allergic asthma is closely related to rhinitis, almost all patients with asthma have allergic rhinitis, if not allergic rhinitis control, asthma is very easy to recur or aggravate. Many poorly controlled allergic rhinitis can later lead to allergic asthma. Control of allergic rhinitis is an effective secondary prevention of asthma. Gastrointestinal allergy symptoms: Some people may develop diarrhea and abdominal pain and rash when consuming xenobiotics such as milk, shrimp and crab, and such patients are at high risk for allergic rhinitis. The first two are mucosal allergies and of course allergic conjunctivitis. There are also skin allergies, the main related diseases are hives, eczema and so on. The main sites of allergy in humans are the skin and mucous membranes. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis Typical symptoms include repeated sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, itchy nose, and even itchy ears, eyes or throat. Symptoms also include wheezing, watery eyes, and sore throat. A chronic cough may be caused by a backed-up nose, but should not be mistaken for asthma. Rhinogenic headaches and a feeling of blocked ears are also common. Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis After taking a medical history, the doctor will perform a physical examination. Usually, the nasal mucosa is pale or purplish because the veins are congested. Some even have nasal polyps. Typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis include swollen eyelids, allergic dark circles under the eyes or bruising on the back of the nose (mainly in the area of drainage under the lower eyelids, causing blood to pool in the veins), or having skin folds on the forehead under the eyelids. Skin testing can confirm the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. The initial skin test is a puncture method with an intradermal test and a positive puncture test result. Treatment of allergic rhinitis The goal of treatment is: to reduce the symptoms of allergy. Avoidance of contact with allergens is either the best treatment, but some use may be found with the following medications. Antihistamines and decongestants: Oral decongestants alone may be helpful, including pseudoephedrine. Antihistamines, tablets, capsules and liquids, and may or may not be combined with decongestants. This is why many patients think allergic rhinitis is a ‘cold’ and take cold medications that work because they contain the above ingredients. Common antihistamines include: brompheniramine or paracetamol, clomastine. Non-sedating long-acting antihistamines include loratadine and fexofenadine. Nasal sprays are divided into sodium cromoglycate nasal sprays and steroidal nasal sprays such as beclomethasone propionate, tretinoin, fluticasone propionate, budesonide, and mometasone furoate, which may be very effective, making the application of other antihistamines or decongestants unnecessary. Oral corticosteroids are usually not recommended, but the combination of asthma is a different story. Immunotherapy The core of immunotherapy is to give the patient a cascade of increasing doses of allergic substances (allergens). This desensitizes the immune system and the substance may induce the body to produce specific antibodies, thus reducing allergy symptoms when. Before starting immunotherapy, the physician and patient need to determine the trigger for allergy symptoms. For example, skin prick tests or blood allergy tests are performed to confirm which specific allergens the patient has. Patients who can be considered for immunotherapy: have failed medications; have side effects of medications; have recurrent sinusitis or otitis media (ear infections); are unwilling or unable to use medications; allergy testing or skin testing can identify the allergen and the appropriate medical agent is available. Start immunization with weekly injections of a small amount of antigen (allergen). The time between antigen and injection is extended with gradual, slow increments. Maintenance injections usually need to be given every three to four weeks. The main side effect of immunotherapy is a local reaction at the injection site, but there is also a risk of a severe allergic reaction. If a local reaction occurs, the dose can be returned to a higher level. Formal immunotherapy results in long-term remission of symptoms in about 85% of patients. Symptoms may disappear after three to five years. About 60% of patients continue immunotherapy and symptoms may cease with the benefit of reduced need for allopathic medications. It is very important to maintain a good living environment and natural surroundings.