Babies are cute but delicate and prone to various discomforts. Young parents should learn more about common newborn illnesses so that they can deal with them when they become ill. Jaundice. The baby’s liver is weak in processing bilirubin, which tends to accumulate in the body and, at a certain point, jaundice appears. Clinically, it often manifests as yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes, yellowing of the sclera (white eyes), yellowing of the urine, etc. Parental response: When jaundice appears, parents should observe the baby’s condition, such as whether the spirit is good and whether the urine and stool are normal. If, in addition to jaundice, the baby is also tired, less active, feverish and other symptoms, seek medical attention directly without delay. Jaundice can be judged by the severity of its presence. If only the face and brain grow, it is generally mild and basically does not need to be treated; if jaundice develops on the front chest and back, it may be moderate jaundice; jaundice on the arms and legs is severe jaundice; the most severe degree will develop on the palms of the hands and feet. Doctors can also use a jaundice tester to estimate the baby’s jaundice level. Medical treatment is usually required when moderate or severe jaundice (bilirubin measurement greater than 170 micromol/liter) is present. Umbilical cord infection. After birth, umbilical cord infection can easily occur due to bacterial infection if the baby is not properly cared for during the period from the time when the umbilical cord is about to fall off to the time when it has just fallen off. Clinically, it is often characterized by redness and swelling of the navel, thin, yellowish exudate, crying when gently touched, and fever in severe cases. Parental response: To prevent umbilicus, first of all, keep the belly button clean and dry, the quilt wrapped around the baby is not easy to be too thick, the umbilical cord has not fallen off, the baby bath should be divided into two parts to wash the upper and lower, do not let the umbilical cord stained with water. Secondly, insist on using 75% alcohol to disinfect the navel 3~4 times a day. Also avoid irritation of the belly button by clothes and diapers. In addition, some babies’ umbilical cords fall off and the stump is grayish white and a little tough to the touch. This may be a granuloma and needs medical help. Diarrhea and vomiting, fever and other symptoms. It is now believed that diarrhea in babies is related to allergies, lactose malabsorption, infections, cold, and dietary changes. Parental response: When diarrhea occurs, the first thing parents should do is to keep stool specimens for laboratory testing. It is recommended to use a clean, clean box or bottle for storage, or plastic wrap will work. However, do not use diapers because they can absorb the components of the stool that need to be tested and affect the test results. Also note that the time should not exceed 2 hours, and the fresher the stool, the more accurate the test results will be. Therefore, parents should save time by saving the stool and sending it to the nearest hospital. In case of diarrhea, parents can give their baby montelukast under the guidance of the doctor, which can relieve the symptoms of diarrhea and has fewer side effects, but do not exceed two bags a day, otherwise it may cause constipation. Constipation. If your baby has symptoms such as dry and hard stools, low stool volume, crying bowel movements and prolonged cycles (2 to 4 days), he or she may have constipation. Clinically, constipation is mostly caused by improper diet structure or allergies. Parental response: For breastfed babies, mothers should pay attention to the adjustment of dietary structure, eating less meat, eggs and milk, and more fiber-rich vegetables and fruits, such as pumpkin and apple. You can also use the palm of your hand to massage the baby’s abdomen clockwise to promote intestinal peristalsis. In addition, if your baby’s stool appears bloody, check your baby’s anus for fissures. It is recommended to use an alcohol cotton ball and wipe it at the baby’s anus. If the baby reacts by crying or making a fuss, even if no fissure is seen, it indicates the presence of an anal fissure. To prevent anal fissures, parents usually try not to do the action of putting the stool and urine, when the anus is in the lowest position and the blood vessels are full, making it easy to form hemorrhoids. Children do not develop a sense of voluntary bowel movements until they are 1.5 to 2 years old, and there is no benefit in training too early. If there is no anal fissure, intestinal bleeding due to allergies may be the cause and prompt medical attention is required. Colic. Babies under 4 months of age, the nerve development of its intestinal wall is immature, easy to cause irregular intestinal peristalsis, spasms of pain, which is often referred to as colic. Colic attacks mostly from 8 to 9 pm, the baby often cry, stomach distension, not easy to sleep, hold up, lying on the body symptoms will be reduced, lying down the most serious, until there will be exhaust relief. Parental response: Colic can be relieved by massage, but also, you can give your baby simethicone oil as prescribed by your doctor to facilitate the dissolution of flatulence. In addition, milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance can also lead to colic. Therefore, when colic occurs in formula-fed babies, it is important to have your doctor diagnose whether it is caused by allergies. Breastfeeding mothers should also be careful not to consume irritating or allergenic foods, such as caffeinated beverages, seafood, or nuts. Eczema. Eczema is easily caused when a baby ingests, inhales, or comes into contact with some allergens; the specific symptoms are redness of the skin, a rash, and sometimes yellow discharge. Parental response: eczema is mostly caused by allergies, so first of all, we must find out the allergens, vitamin A and vitamin D combination may contain peanut oil, which is very easy to cause baby allergies; mother should eat less milk, soy, peanuts, nuts, seafood, cattle and lamb Finally, meat and other allergy-prone food. Secondly, you can give your baby some calcium, but be aware that the added ingredients in calcium supplements may also cause allergies, so consult your doctor before using them. Again, keep the affected area clean and dry, but pay proper attention to moisturizing, and prevent infection if there is oozing fluid. Try not to use soaps and baths for your baby’s face and bath. In addition, if the eczema is really strong, you can use hormonal drugs according to medical advice; but must be diluted, the general ratio of 1:2, and should not be used for too long to avoid side effects. The eczema caused by allergies is mostly related to genetic factors, so if your parents have a history of allergies, you should be extra careful. Diaper rash. If the diapers are not changed diligently or not washed clean, it is very easy to cause diaper rash. The specific manifestations are: redness of the skin near the anus, buttocks, perineum, etc., distribution of raised red dots, and in severe cases, also oozing mucus. Parental response: After each urination and defecation, the baby should try to rinse with water, not just wipe with wet wipes, to avoid the retention of dirt. After rinsing, it is best to let the baby’s bottom dry naturally, and it is not recommended to use talcum powder; if the baby is fat, you can use a hair dryer to dry it after cleaning. If the skin of the affected area is intact, you can apply some buttock cream.