Discoscopy is one of the more advanced minimally invasive spinal surgery modalities available internationally. The system perfectly combines advanced technology and clinical practice, providing patients with a low-injury, short course of treatment, safe and reliable treatment method. It can remove the prominent nucleus pulposus tissue, hypertrophied ligamentum flavum and hyperplastic and cohesive synovial processes and other neurological compression factors, thus obtaining a radical treatment effect. This system has highly clear observation performance, flexible and stable fixation device and well-designed surgical instruments, which facilitates doctors to carry out treatment smoothly and efficiently. Nowadays, posterior discoscopy can not only treat lumbar disc herniation, but also lumbar spinal stenosis such as lateral saphenous fossa stenosis and central canal stenosis. Posterior discoscopy is a straight tube type medical endoscope with optical fiber light guide, and the mirror body is separated from the light guide beam. This scope is mainly used for the microscopic surveillance of posterior minimally invasive discectomy to better observe the tiny and easily overlooked lesions, to make the surgery more thorough and to reduce the surgical trauma. Its working principle is to transmit the light beam to the front end of the endoscope objective lens through optical fiber to illuminate the observed object, and then rely on the imaging and magnification of the lens to obtain a clear image, so as to observe the deep tiny lesions. Advantages: wide range of indications, can treat lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis; small wounds (about 1.5cm), less tissue damage, less bleeding, shorter operation time; high safety performance, microscopic magnification of 60 times, can clearly distinguish the tissues under the mirror, to avoid nerve root damage; short bed rest time after the operation, fast recovery, can be performed outpatient surgery; comprehensive treatment costs are reduced; high acceptance of the patient; high definition field of view, the Convenient to deal with lesions that are easy to overlook; Record of the whole surgical process, convenient for case discussion and academic exchanges. Advantages: Minimally invasive: skin incision is only 6mm, minimal bleeding, short operation time, no scar after operation, in line with the aesthetic point of view. Precision: square approach, avoiding the interference of posterior surgery on the spinal canal and nerves; not biting off the vertebral plate, not destroying the paravertebral muscles and ligaments, and having no effect on the stability of the spine. High safety: local anesthesia, intraoperative interaction with the patient, no injury to nerves and blood vessels; basically no bleeding, clear surgical field, effectively avoid the risk of misuse. Fast recovery: the operation time is short, you can go down to the ground the next day after the operation, the hospitalization time is 3~5 days, and the average 3~6 weeks to resume normal work and physical exercise. Almost no complication: small trauma, low chance of thrombosis and infection; no scarring at the important structures in the back that can lead to adhesion of the spinal canal and nerves after the operation. Wide range of indications: direct intraoperative aim to remove any herniated disc fragments; able to deal with almost all types of herniated discs, some spinal stenosis, foraminal stenosis, calcification and other bony lesions. High satisfaction with the treatment: immediate relief of pain and other symptoms after the operation, self-management of urine and feces, and simple care.