Chronic hepatitis B: the disease is lingering and recurrent, most patients have no conscious clinical symptoms, and some patients have cirrhosis or even liver cancer upon examination. Therefore, for chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus carriers and people taking antiviral drugs for a long time, regular testing of hepatitis B-related indicators (liver function, hepatitis B five, HBV-DNA, alpha-fetoprotein, ultrasound of the upper abdomen) is crucial. What test indicators can determine the progress and efficacy of hepatitis B? 1, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST): they are sensitive indicators of liver cell damage. They are mainly distributed in the hepatocytes of the liver. If the hepatocytes are necrotic, ALT and AST will be elevated, and the degree of elevation is positively correlated with the degree of damage to the hepatocytes. Therefore, they are the most commonly used liver function test indicators. Hepatitis B virus DNA level (HBV-DNA): The level of HBV-DNA in serum is a reliable quantitative indicator of the replication of hepatitis B virus. This technique is called “polymerase chain” (DNA) by doctors and is the most commonly used method to detect HBV-DNA. If HBV-DNA is detected in the serum at ≥105 copies/ml, it means that the hepatitis B virus is replicating actively and the amount of virus in the body is high. However, hepatitis B virus does not directly cause hepatocellular damage, but rather liver damage due to virus-induced immune dysfunction. The amount of viral replication does not represent the degree of hepatocellular damage, and many HBV-DNA-positive hepatitis B virus-infected patients have normal liver function. Many HBV-DNA-positive hepatitis B virus-infected patients have normal liver function. Therefore, the viral replication index cannot be taken as a sign of liver injury. However, HBV-DNA is currently a predictor for determining the efficacy of antiviral therapy and viral mutation. Patients on antiviral therapy should be tested every 3 months to see how well the drugs are suppressing the hepatitis B virus. 3, Hepatitis B V: Hepatitis B virus has three antigenic components, surface antigen (HBsAg), core antigen (HBcAg) and e antigen (HBeAg). These three antigens in the human body can cause the body’s immune response, producing the corresponding three antibodies, namely: anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HBe. these antigens and antibodies can be used as a diagnostic marker of hepatitis B virus infection. However, since it is difficult to detect the core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBcAg) in serum by normal methods, only the other five indicators (i.e., hepatitis B 5 or hepatitis B 2.5) can be detected. In the past, qualitative testing was mainly used to clarify the presence of hepatitis B virus infection, but now quantitative testing has become an important testing indicator to determine the efficacy of treatment. Current research has found that there is a direct correlation between the level of HBsAg and the level of cccDNA (covalently closed circular DNA) in liver tissue. Therefore, HBsAg can indirectly reflect the level of cccDNA in virus-infected liver cells. In the course of antiviral therapy, quantitative HBsAg and HBeAg tests can be used to monitor the efficacy of treatment, if the total amount of HBsAg decreases, it suggests that the response to treatment and the prognosis is better. 4, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): is synthesized by fetal liver cells, a special protein normally present in fetal serum. It usually starts to rise after pregnancy and reaches the highest peak at 16-20 weeks of gestational age, and then decreases gradually and disappears completely 1-5 weeks after birth of the fetus. AFP in serum of patients with primary liver cancer is often obviously elevated, usually more than 400 micrograms/liter, and even more than 1000 micrograms/liter or progressively elevated. Therefore, clinicians often take AFP as an auxiliary examination, efficacy assessment and prognostic indicator of primary liver cancer. However, elevated AFP is not necessarily hepatocellular carcinoma. Since AFP is a special protein in fetal hepatocyte development, it can be produced and secreted during the active stage of hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis along with the repair of liver and regeneration of hepatocytes, but it is usually only mildly elevated, generally less than 400 micrograms/liter, and the elevation of this kind of AFP is not necessarily a bad thing, and the elevation of heavy hepatitis often suggests that the regeneration of hepatocytes is active. After using some drugs that stimulate hepatocyte regeneration (such as hepatocyte growth promoter), AFP elevation can also occur. In addition, testicular cancer, ovarian teratoma, gastrointestinal tumor, pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis, etc. also often appear AFP elevation. 5.Upper abdomen B-type ultrasound (B ultrasound): the invention of B ultrasound has brought the most commonly used, convenient, economical and non-invasive imaging technology of liver disease to the majority of patients, which enables the doctors to see your liver and other organs through your belly, and he can help our doctors to diagnose hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic hemangiomas, hepatic cysts, liver tumors, parasites, cholecystitis and gallstones, etc. Especially liver Tumors simple and easy method of initial screening. Therefore, he is the “good friend” of our patients with liver and gallbladder diseases.