Cancer is a tumor, which is commonly referred to as an abnormal lump. This lump is due to excessive cell proliferation. The total number of cells in a person’s body is about 1,000 trillion, and the cells keep multiplying by dividing while carrying out metabolism in a regular manner. If the cells divide too fast under the influence of some internal factors or stimulated by external factors and lose their normal control, and form a lump locally, such a lump is called cancer. Tumors can be divided into two categories, benign and malignant, according to their nature, growth rate, growth characteristics, biological behavior and consequences to patients. Benign tumor cells are similar to mature normal cells, grow slowly, have clear boundaries with surrounding tissues, do not metastasize, and generally do not endanger patients’ lives. Malignant tumor cells are very different from normal cells and show immaturity. It grows rapidly, develops in all directions and can be metastasized to other parts of the body. A large amount of nutrition is depleted in the human body, and the harmful substances produced by tumor damage the human body, destroy the tissue structure of normal organs and make the organs dysfunctional, thus threatening the life of people. Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor occurring in the innermost mucosa of the esophagus, which is a long-term effect of carcinogenic factors on the esophageal mucosa. It develops from the abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells under the long-term effect of carcinogenic factors. Since esophageal cancer grows on the feeding channel, if not treated in time, it will lead to narrowing of the inner lumen of the esophagus, making patients have difficulty in swallowing, affecting eating and causing a series of complications, resulting in death.