Lumbar disc herniation has a very high incidence rate and obvious symptoms, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Early herniated discs are characterized by low back pain or lumbar leg pain, and without regular treatment, severe symptoms can lead to numbness and weakness of the limbs, incontinence, etc. Therefore, once a herniated disc shows nerve compression symptoms, surgery should be considered after 2 months of conservative treatment. Therefore, once the herniated disc has nerve compression symptoms, after 2 months of conservative treatment, ineffective or aggravated symptoms should be considered for surgical treatment. The opening is only 1.5cm in size, equivalent to the size of a thumbnail, and the incision is only 5cm in size, equivalent to the length of a thumb. Currently, the more popular percutaneous minimally invasive puncture disc dissolution or cutting and suction method is only applicable to bulging discs, which has fewer indications and is not effective in the long term for herniated discs combined with cases of nerve root compression, and often requires a second-stage open surgery. In the past, it was common to use a large incision of about 10cm in length to routinely explore 2~3 interspaces, with a long operation time and much destruction of tissues, resulting in the unnecessary destruction of some normal structures, a large proportion of residual lumbar pain, and lumbar spondylolisthesis in severe cases. Most scholars believe that under the premise of adequate exposure, thorough resection of the herniated material and nerve root release, the smaller the surgery, the smaller the damage to the patient and the faster the recovery. Since 2000, our department has successfully performed more than 1600 cases of C-arm assisted small incision disc removal, with short operation time, rapid functional recovery, and significant improvement in quality of life.C-arm assisted small incision disc removal has the following advantages: (1) C-arm assisted small incision disc removal has a more accurate and quicker positioning of the intervertebral space, and the operation time is shorter, with the operation being completed in 20 minutes-1 hour. (2) Small incision minimizes the damage to the stability of the spine; less bleeding, about 10-30 ml from the beginning to the end of the operation. (3) Good efficacy and fast functional recovery. Most patients feel a sense of relaxation in the lower back and legs right after the surgery, and can lift their legs, get out of bed and exercise the lumbar and back muscles earlier. (4) Good long-term efficacy, less residual low back pain and mild postoperative symptoms. (5) Short hospitalization time and low cost. During the operation, centered on the preoperative C-arm machine positioning mark, a longitudinal incision of 3~4cm is made in the posterior median, the sacrospinous muscle on the protruding side is peeled off, the lower edge of the superior vertebral plate and the vertebral plate space and the small articular process are revealed, the upper and lower edges of the adjacent vertebral plate are chiseled away by 0.5cm, the medial edges of the upper and lower articular process are chiseled away, and the window of the incision is only the size of the thumb, and the ligamentum flavum can be removed to fully expose the vertebral canal. The nucleus pulposus is removed until the nerve root compression is completely relieved. If two segments of nucleus pulposus are removed, the skin incision can be extended upward or downward by only 1~2 cm. For the problems that need to be noted in the operation, our experience is: (1) Skin incision localization: accurate localization is the key to small-incision nucleus pulposus removal, and the skin incision should be the vertical surface projection of the protruding interstitial space. Therefore, the site of the lesion should be carefully analyzed and judged before surgery, and localized by C-arm X-ray machine during surgery. (2) Intraoperative pulling on the nerve root and dural sac should be intermittent: pulling when removing the disc, relaxing when withdrawing the nucleus pulposus forceps, and reducing the undesirable stimulation of the nerve root. (3) After complete disc removal, the intervertebral space should be flushed with saline to avoid residual tissue left behind. (4) There is no need to place drainage after surgery. (5) Early leg lifting and low back muscle exercise. Through our long-term clinical practice, C-arm assisted small-incision disc removal has been proven to be a very mature treatment technique, and is the first choice of treatment for patients with simple herniated discs. We will continue our efforts in research and development for the benefit of our patients and to promote the style of famous doctors in the century-old hospital.