Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways involving multiple cells and cellular components. This chronic inflammation leads to airway hyperresponsiveness and usually causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or coughing, which often flare up or worsen at night and/or early in the morning, with most patients relieving on their own or with treatment. Currently, there are about 300 million people with asthma worldwide, and its prevalence has been increasing globally year by year in recent years. The causes of asthma can be divided into the following categories: genetics, environmental pollution (a large number of harmful substances released by organic chemical substances), allergen effects (food allergens such as milk, eggs, peanuts, nuts and other foods are common, inhalation allergens including dust mites, animal fur, cockroaches, etc., outdoor allergens such as pollen and fungi, and occupational sensitizers such as animal dander, plant proteins, inorganic and organic chemical substances), and unreasonable use of drugs, mental state (sudden emotional excitement, stressful loss, mental trauma or intense arguments, etc.), etc. Asthma is a common and frequent disease. A typical asthma attack is preceded by aura symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, cough, chest tightness, etc. If left untreated, chest tightness and wheezing may gradually appear, and severe cases may be forced to take a sitting position to breathe. These symptoms often occur after exposure to irritating gases or allergens such as smoke, perfume, paint, dust, pets, pollen, etc. If a severe acute attack occurs and is not treated promptly, it can be fatal. At present, most asthma patients have insufficient knowledge or misconceptions about the treatment of asthma. The survey found that the asthma control rate is 3-10%, and poorly controlled asthma patients can lead to missed work and school, resulting in limited activities and sports, reduced quality of life, and economic or psychological burden. In contrast, standardized treatment can enable 80% of asthma patients to be well controlled, with improved quality of life and almost uninterrupted work life. For good asthma control, first, patients need to establish a cooperative relationship with their physicians, who should guide patients in self-management, reach consensus on treatment goals, and develop individualized written management plans, including self-monitoring, periodic assessment of treatment regimens and asthma control levels, and timely adjustment of therapy for control levels to achieve and maintain asthma control if symptoms suggest changes in asthma control levels. Second, to adhere to long-term treatment, asthma treatment must first be controlled. After asthma control, do not rush to reduce or stop medication to avoid acute exacerbation of asthma, but must maintain the best control status for more than 3 months, and then reduce the dose or type of medication under the guidance of a physician and close monitoring of the condition. Third, it is important to avoid triggers or precipitating factors that cause asthma, i.e., the onset of asthma. Fourth, to accurately assess asthma control, it is recommended to keep a diary of the condition (e.g., triggers, symptoms of the attack, time of the attack, location of the attack, and what you were doing at the time), adhere to daily monitoring of peak flow rate values (PEF), and fill out the Asthma Control Test Questionnaire (ACT). Fifth, to master the drug inhalation device and its use, and to understand the knowledge of asthma control drugs. Sixth, it is important to pay attention to moderate physical exercise, strengthen nutrition, and avoid colds, mental stimulation or overexertion. In conclusion, the principle of long-term, standardized and individualized treatment is applied throughout the treatment of asthma. Drugs for asthma are divided into two major categories: one is controlled drugs, which are used regularly every day to prevent acute asthma attacks by suppressing airway inflammation and are used for the long-term control of asthma. This category includes inhaled or systemic glucocorticoids, long-acting inhaled or long-acting oral beta2 agonists, leukotriene receptor modulators, extended- or controlled-release theophylline, and antiallergic agents. The other category is palliative drugs, which are used for rapid relief of asthma symptoms during acute asthma attacks. These drugs are mainly short-acting β2 agonists that can take effect within 3 to 5 minutes and last for about 4 hours. Only when patients understand the causes of asthma, symptoms, treatment principles, characteristics of therapeutic drugs, and correctly assess their asthma and avoid exposure to triggering factors, can they better cooperate with their physicians to achieve good control of asthma.