Leukemia lymphoid and myeloid both belong to the category of leukocytes, and whether or not they relapse depends on differences in the effectiveness of the treatment, the degree of evolution of the disease, etc. There is no comparability between the two and they have to be treated differently. Lymphoblastic leukemia is a B-cell proliferative malignancy and is a highly heterogeneous disease. Factors affecting the relapse of lymphoblastic leukemia include the patient’s response rate to drug therapy and the degree of evolution of the patient’s disease. If a patient is sensitive to drug therapy and has a low degree of disease evolution, he or she is less likely to relapse; conversely, he or she is prone to recurrence. Myeloid leukemia is a malignant myeloproliferative neoplasm occurring in hematopoietic stem cells, mainly involving the myeloid lineage. It can be controlled by aggressive treatment. Factors affecting the recurrence of myeloid leukemia include the way the disease is treated and the degree of evolution of the disease. If the treatment modality is effective and the degree of evolution of the disease is low, the recurrence rate is low; conversely, it is high. It is important to note that leukemia patients can reduce the adverse effects of the disease and prolong their survival through early detection, diagnosis and treatment, and it is recommended that patients build up their confidence in the treatment.