Various pathogens are measured in pregnant women mainly to prevent intrauterine infections. Intrauterine infections are the ones that affect the growth and development caused by the fetus in the mother’s body, leading to developmental delays, impaired intelligence, and so on. Cytomegalovirus produces direct damage to fetal cells, tissues and organs, which can lead to intrauterine abortion, neonatal death and other serious complications. Most of the existing sexually transmitted pathogens (e.g. syphilis, AIDS) have a higher chance of mother-to-child transmission after infection, leading to intrauterine infections during pregnancy. Intrauterine infections occurring in the fetus during pregnancy are more pathogenic and are mainly viral. However, in recent years, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma urealyticum have also been found to be important infectious agents in intrauterine infections. Pathogen screening can effectively prevent intrauterine infections. If an infection is found during pathogen screening, treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and unauthorized use of medication should be avoided to avoid adverse consequences.