Talking about the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases from lung cancer

  The incidence of lung cancer bone metastasis is 30%~40%, the 1-year survival rate is 40%~50%, and the median survival time is 6~10 months, which can be divided into: osteolytic, osteogenic, and mixed. The pathogenesis is due to the metastasis of lung cancer cells to bone releasing osteolytic mediators, which activate osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The longer the survival period of lung cancer patients, the higher the incidence of lung cancer bone metastases, which mostly occur in weight-bearing areas such as the spine, pelvis and hip joints.  Diagnosis of lung cancer bone metastasis: For lung cancer patients suspected to have bone metastasis, the following tests are recommended to help clarify the diagnosis: 1. Radionuclide bone scan (ECT) examination; 2. Positron emission computed tomography CT (PET-CT) can be considered for patients who have the condition, and ECT examination can be performed again for patients who have symptoms but negative PET-CT; 3. X-ray/CT/MRI 4. Patients should also have biochemical indexes such as complete blood count, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function, serum calcium, etc.  The main symptoms of bone metastases: gradually increasing local pain, pathological fracture, spinal cord and nerve compression, and even hypercalcemia in the late stage. The pain and other symptoms caused by bone metastases often become the greatest pain for tumor patients. Vertebral fractures can cause deformation of the spine, restriction of movement, and even lead to paralysis. The occurrence of bone complications can also cause serious psychological impact on patients, which further severely reduces the quality of life of cancer patients.  Treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis: ① Systemic antitumor therapy (chemotherapy, biologic targeted therapy, etc.): Systemic chemotherapy can control the development of bone metastasis and relieve pain while treating the primary lung lesion, so it can not only relieve pain, but also kill cancer cells and control their growth. In particular, the combination chemotherapy regimen based on high-dose cisplatin is more effective. Molecular targeted therapies such as Epiduo, Erythropoietin and Troche have also been widely used in clinical practice. ②Surgical treatment: local metastases removal, bone cement fixation repair, etc.  ③ Radiation therapy (including radioisotope internal irradiation therapy): radiation therapy can be divided into several methods such as 60 cobalt irradiation, deep x-ray machine and linear gas pedal. For isolated bone metastases, after the lung lesions are controlled and stabilized by chemotherapy, high-dose and short-course radiation therapy can be given to relieve pain and kill cancer cells and control the development of lesions. About 50% of the patients can have complete pain relief after radiation therapy, and about 75% of the patients can have significant pain relief. Radiation therapy is not suitable for patients with multiple bone metastases throughout the body, and radionuclide therapy can be adopted at this time. At present, strontium 89 is the most used. Radionuclide can reduce the bone destruction and dissolution caused by bone metastases, and can eliminate or reduce the severe pain due to bone metastases, and inhibit the development of bone metastases. However, because it can also cause bone marrow suppression reaction, in principle, it is not used together with chemotherapy, and the change of white blood cells must be observed regularly.  Analgesic treatment: Narcotic analgesics such as morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, dihydroetofil tablets and Doregis patch can significantly relieve the pain caused by bone metastases and improve the quality of life of patients.  ⑤ Bisphosphonate therapy: phosphoric acid drugs such as bone phosphorus (chloromethylbisphosphate disodium), Bonin and Acoda (pamidronate disodium), Zeta (zoledronic acid), and also micarbazide. These drugs can counteract the osteolytic effect of metastatic bone tumors and reduce the risk of pathological fractures.