Chuanxiong Rhizoma Chuanxiong [Synonyms] Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (Ben Jing), Xiangguo (Wu Pu Ben Cao), Guanxiong (Pearl Sachet), Fuxiong (Dan Xi Xin Fa), Xiyiong (Compendium). [Source] The rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, family Umbelliferae. [Ingredients] The rhizome contains volatile oil 1%; alkaloids, with chuanxiongzine ( tetramethylpyrazine) phenolic components, with chuanxiongol. Ferulic acid, the lactone component is mainly 4-hydroxy-3-K lactone, butene-K lactone, etc. [Pharmacology] ①Action on central nervous system:It has sedative effect and can inhibit the spontaneous activity of rats, also can prolong the sleep time of pentobarbital. ②Antihypertensive effect:Its aqueous infusion can lower the blood pressure of animals, but the effect is weak. ③Action on smooth muscle: Its aqueous solution on the isolated uterus of pregnant rabbits, a small amount can stimulate the pregnant uterus, causing its tension to increase, contraction to enhance, and eventually become contracture. A large amount can paralyze the uterus and stop the contraction. ④Antibacterial effects:In vitro tests have shown that Chuanxiong has inhibitory effects on colorectal, dysentery (Song, Nei’s), metamorphosis, green pus, typhoid, S. paratyphi and Vibrio cholerae. It has also inhibited certain pathogenic skin fungi in test tubes. [Efficacy and Dosage] Promoting the flow of Qi and opening up depression, dispelling wind and drying dampness, activating blood circulation and relieving pain. It is used for treating wind-cold headache, dizziness, dysgeusia, abdominal pain, cold paralysis and tendon contracture, obstructed menstruation and difficult labor, postpartum stasis and pain, carbuncle and sores. Internal use: 3-9g in decoction, or in pills or scattered. For external use: Powdered and sprinkled or mixed. [Adverse Reactions] ①Chuanxiong Xiongzin is the main component of Chuanxiong. Experimental findings:The toxicity of Chuanxiong Ligusticum to mice was manifested by respiratory distress, respiratory depression, and closed eyes. Death usually occurred within 3-5 min. One case of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by overdose of Chuanxiongzin: Song, a 76-year-old male, accidentally took 48 tablets of Chuanxiongzin, totaling 2400mg, and 14,500ml of bloody liquid was aspirated after 2h of gastric lavage. After resuscitation with Western and Chinese hemostatic drugs, the fecal occult blood (++ ) was detected the next day. 2 days later, the fecal occult blood (ten) was reexamined, and the blood stopped after 5 days without causing other adverse reactions. (3) Two patients with dizziness and pain of Qi-Blood deficiency treated with Bajhen Tang both had severe headache due to the large dosage of Chuanxiong (21g). [The Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates that the common dosage of Chuanxiong is 3-9 g. References 1. Xu J, et al. Comparative effects of Chuanxiong and ferulic acid alone and in combination on vascular smooth muscle, blood viscosity, and acute toxicity. 2. Sun J, et al. 17. Chuanlianzi Fructus Toosendan [synonym] Jianshui (Benjing), Jinlingzi (Jinlingzi), Hongzao (Pharmacopoeia), Neem (Materia Medica) (Fig. 23). [Source] The fruit of Melia toosendan Sieb, et Zucc, a plant of the neem family. [It contains tooseudanin, which is an active ingredient in the expulsion of roundworms. [Pharmacology] Neem is toxic and has been reported to be deadly in children. Symptoms of poisoning are nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory distress and palpitations. The fruit has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. It is not effective against E. coli and viruses cultured in chicken embryos. [Effects and Dosage] Removing dampness and heat, clearing liver fire, relieving pain and killing worms. It is used for treating febrile heartache, dysmenorrhea and hernia pain, and abdominal pain caused by worms. Internal use: 4,5-9g in decoction, or in pills or powder. For external use: Powdered and mixed. [Adverse reactions] The main component is neem, etc. Pharmacological experiments have shown that it can cause poisoning in experimental animals after oral administration. On autopsy, it can be seen that the liver tissue is congested. Clinical reports:Jaundice, hepatomegaly and elevated GPT can occur in clinical applications. Twenty-eight cases have been reported of toxic hepatitis caused by overdosage or accidental ingestion of neem for self-exorcism. It has been reported in the literature that neem has an elimination half-life of 25 h after gavage in monkeys, therefore, overdose or improper administration of neem can easily cause liver damage due to accumulative poisoning. [Example] ①Two cases of clinical poisoning death by taking neem tablets: Both cases were children with blurred vision, diplopia, difficulty in swallowing, and numbness of the tongue after taking neem tablets produced by a factory. Then the whole body spasms, inability to make sound, rapid heartbeat, difficulty in breathing, cyanosis of the lips and mouth, hands grasping the neck, and finally death. References 1. Liu Xiaoping, Chinese herbal medicines with toxic side effects on the liver, Journal of Integrative Hepatology, 1992,2(2):50 2. Li Xian Yin, A discussion of two cases of clinical poisoning death by neem tablets, Pharmacology Bulletin, 1986,21(4):212 18. Maqianzi Semen Strychni [synonym] Pangolin, Bittersweet (Fei Hong Jie), Bitter real (Ben Cao Yuan), Ma Qian, Niu Yin (Ben Cao Quyuan), Dafang Ba (Handbook of Traditional Chinese Medicines) (Fig. 24). [Source] The mature seeds of Strychnos nux a vomica L, or Yunnan Strychnos pierriana A, W, Hill. [Constituents] Strychnine, brucine, pseudostrychnine, vomicine, and loganin. [Pharmacology] ①Effects on the central nervous system: firstly, it excites the reflex function of the spinal cord, secondly, it excites the respiratory center and vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata, and improves the function of the sensory center of the cerebral cortex, which causes convulsions in large doses. The only effect on the digestive tract is to increase gastric secretion reflexively due to its bitter taste. ③Effects on respiratory system: It has a strong cough suppressant effect, the strength of which exceeds that of codeine. It also has an expectorant effect and a weak antiasthmatic effect. ④Other effects: strychnine has arrow toxin-like effect, has inhibitory effect on some bacteria in the test tube; strychnine infusion also has inhibitory effect on some fungi. Africa produced a variety of strychnine plants, some of them also have muscle relaxation effect. [Efficacy and Dosage] Dispersing blood heat, relieving swelling and pain. It is used for treating sore throat, carbuncle and swelling, wind paralysis and pain, fracture; and treating facial nerve paralysis and severe muscle weakness. Internal use: After concocted, it is added to pills and dispersal 0,3-0,6g (one day amount). Externally: vinegar grinding and coating, powdered and blown into the throat or mixed with compresses. Pregnant women and the physically weak should not take it. [Adverse effects] The poisoned person initially has a feeling of cramping in the chewing muscle and neck muscle, difficulty in swallowing, and general restlessness. Then the extensor and flexor muscles contract extremely at the same time and tonic convulsions occur. The poisoning can occur in adults with 5-10mg of sanguinarine. 30mg can cause death. [One case died of asphyxiation due to repeated convulsions, and one case died of trembling and aphasia due to overdose, resulting in coma. ② 1 case of internal poisoning caused general numbness, tightness of the corners of the mouth, chest tightness and palpitations, dullness, and paroxysmal convulsions of the lower limbs. ③ 1 case of internal poisoning by overdose, trembling around the body, chest tightness and suffocation, followed by facial redness, facial muscle tightness, language difficulty, lower limb flexion, contracture can not move. ④ One case took 0.6g of strychnine, and after 20min, the whole body was convulsed, foaming at the mouth and pain in both lower limbs. The fracture was caused by the imbalance of muscle pulling in the whole body. ⑤ One case appeared to be unconscious with closed teeth after taking strychnine. This was followed by paroxysmal convulsions, double pupils equal in size for 4 min, and weak light response. After multiple resuscitation was ineffective, died. (6) One case of strychnine powder mistakenly used as sea cinnabar caused death by fenugreek alkaloids poisoning. (7) About 3g of strychnine was taken and felt bitterness in the mouth, followed by convulsions and cyanosis, shortness of breath, unclear heart sounds, and decreased blood pressure, and died after active resuscitation. (8) In a case of strychnine overdose, paroxysmal convulsions occurred 30 min later, with corneal diastasis, blurred consciousness, closed teeth, clenched hands, cold extremities, blue lips, generalized tonic convulsions, hyperactive knee reflexes, and died 1 h later. [Prevention and control] If the poisoning time is short, before the symptoms of convulsion or muscle tonicity appear, chemical antidote (half a cup of boiling water with tannic acid 1g, a cup of boiling water with iodine or compound iodine solution 1-2m1, after taking it can make the stilbene precipitate in the digestive tract and become insoluble) can be given orally, and the stomach can be washed with potassium permanganate. If convulsions are seen, the patient should be moved to a dark and quiet place. Use ether for mild anesthesia and barbiturates intravenously to suppress convulsions. After the convulsions are controlled, honey, mung bean and licorice decoction, or 60g of licorice in water, or 6g of cinnamon in water are used. Some reports use 6g each of whole scorpion, centipede, and stiff silkworm, finely grinded together and instilled intranasally, and then instilled 3g every 3-6h and cured after 20h of resuscitation with western medicine. References 1. Gu Yunxia, et al. 1993,1994 Review of the literature on adverse reactions to traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1995,20(8):502 2. Shi Zhancheng, et al. 1 case of strychnine poisoning, Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1991,(5):22 3. Yan Nianbin, Report of a case of strychnine poisoning cured by raw licorice, Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1991,(4):11 4. 5. Li Bo, Preventing strychnine poisoning with caution, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1992,(3):58. 6: 8. Tian Linzhong, et al. 1 case of strychnine poisoning death, Henan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1994,9(3):56 9. Liu Yongfu, Chinese herbal remedies for common toxic herbs, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1989,10(8):371 10. Zhang Hauliang, Fannin is indeed very toxic, Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1993, Total 418:34 11. Mei Quanxi, et al. Common poisoning reactions of traditional Chinese medicine and 12. Huo Feng’an, et al. One case of strychnine poisoning cured by combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine, Journal of Practical Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 1993,6(6):373 19. Northeastern Medicine and Plant Zhi), stinky bell block (“Hebei medicine”), snake ginseng fruit (“Sichuan Chinese medicine”) (Figure 25.) [Source] Aristolochia family Aristolochia Aristolochia contorta Bge, or Aristolochia debilis Sieb, et Zucc, the dried ripe fruit. [It contains aristolochicacid, aristolochinic acid, debilic acid, magnoflorine, etc. [Pharmacology] ①The effect on the respiratory system:It has a weak expectorant effect, which is not as effective as aster and tennant. It can also counteract the bronchospasm caused by trichothecene, acetylcholine and histamine. ②Antibacterial effect:It has a certain inhibitory effect on common skin fungi. Fresh northern aristolochia fruit and leaves have inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus in test tube, the effect of fruit is stronger than leaves, no effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [Efficacy and Dosage] Clearing the lung and lowering the Qi, calming asthma and relieving cough. It is used for treating cough and wheezing with lung heat, hemoptysis and loss of tone, and repeated swelling and pain in hemorrhoids. Internal use:3-9g. [Adverse reactions] “The herb Jing read”: “Although Aristolochia is non-toxic and partial cold nature, more than taking will make vomiting more than.” Aristolochia contains aristolochia and aristolochic acid, and is prone to dizziness, dilated pupils, respiratory distress and other toxic reactions after internal consumption. [Example] ① 1 case of decoction with Aristolochia 15g, about 1h after the start of vomiting. The vomiting started for 10-15 min, followed by frequent vomiting. The vomit was first medicinal juice and food, then bile and gastric juice. After the original drug to Aristolochia continued to take two doses without reaction. ② 1 case of overdose nausea, heartburn, dizziness, shortness of breath, vomiting. [Prevention and control] ① most of the clinical use of honey broiling to reduce and moderate the purpose of the drug. ② Use 3-9g according to the pharmacopoeia. References 1. Xiao Ping, 1 case of poisoning reaction caused by Aristolochia, Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1989,(5):44 2. Ren Yi, 1 case of vomiting caused by Aristolochia, Traditional Chinese Medicine Bulletin, 1983,8(5):39 20, Verbena Mabiancao Herba Verbenae [Source] This product is Verbena officinalis, family Verbenaceae. Verbena officinalis L., the dried above-ground parts (Figure 26). [It contains verbenalin and 5-Hydroxy-verbe-nalin, etc. [Pharmacology] ①Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect:The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of this product have anti-inflammatory effect when used to cause inflammation in the conjunctival sac of rabbits with mustard seed oil drops. ②Antibacterial effect:Aqueous decoction and tincture, in vitro inhibition test proved to have mild antibacterial effect on diphtheria bacilli. ③Treatment of malaria. ④Has a contracting effect on the uterus, similar to that of ergot. [Example] Shi reported an allergic reaction caused by verbena injection. Patient, male, 18 years old. He was injected with 2ml of vervain injection intramuscularly (each ml is equivalent to 2g of raw drug) for malaria, and developed dizziness, palpitation, chest tightness and facial flushing after 15min, which was cured by anti-allergic treatment. Reference: Shi Ruiwei, Allergic reactions caused by verbena injection, New Medicine, 1973,(4):205 21, Tianxianzi Semen Hyoscyami [Synonym] Scopoletin, Toothache seed, Small belladonna seed, Mountain smoke (Figure 27) [Source] This product is the mature seed of Scopoletin Hyoscyamus niger L, family Solanaceae. [It mainly contains hyoscyamine, scopolamine and atropine. [Pharmacology] ①Regulate the microvascular vascular diameter, and obviously release the vascular spasm. ②It has a significant relaxing effect on smooth muscle in overactive or spastic state. (3) Scopolamine has a certain strength of analgesic effect. [Efficacy and Dosage] Antispasmodic and analgesic, tranquilizing and pain relieving. Used for stomach cramps and pain, wheezing and coughing, epilepsy. Dosage:0,06-0,6g. [Adverse Reactions] There are cases of poisoning caused by mistaking Tian Xian Zi for Di Shen Zi and Tu Shi Zi. Symptoms may include: dry mouth, difficulty in swallowing, hoarseness, dry and flushed skin and mucous membranes, headache, dizziness, fever, tachycardia, dilated pupils, blurred vision, difficulty in urination, or even delirium, mania, vertigo, groping movement and ataxia, or inhibitory symptoms such as unresponsiveness, mental decay, lethargy, and finally death due to decreased blood pressure and respiratory failure. [A patient was diagnosed as urticaria and treated with Chinese herbal soup. 1h after taking the medicine, the patient developed panic, thirst, shortness of breath and insomnia. After taking the medicine for 1 h, the patient developed panic, thirst, shortness of breath, and sleeplessness. After investigation, it was mistakenly cast Tian Xian Zi as Di Shen Zi. ②8 cases mistakenly took Tian Xian Zi as Tu Shi Zi, causing acute poisoning. ③4 cases of misuse of scopoletum as spathe, 30 minutes after taking it, they felt dry mouth, could not drink water to quench thirst, swallowing difficulties, dizziness, walking concealment, hallucinations and delusions, like drunkenness, nausea and vomiting, conjunctival congestion, dilated pupils, and were diagnosed as scopoletum-type drug poisoning after emergency examination, and were rescued after rescue. (4) Four cases of severe poisoning and more than 30 cases of mild poisoning. The symptoms were irritability, body heat, tachycardia, psychosis, and delirium. References 1. Lu Shuxia, Report of poisoning by mistakenly taking Tian Xian Zi, Jilin TCM, 1988,(1):21 2. Zhang Duan, Report of acute poisoning caused by mistakenly taking Tian Xian Zi in 8 people, Sichuan TCM, 1988,(5):26 3. Gu Wenhua, Poisoning caused by mistakenly taking scopolamine as Tusi Zi, Zhejiang TCM Journal, 1983,(8):340 4. 1984,(4):24 22. Tianzhuhuang Concretio Silicea Bambusae [Synonyms] Tianzhuhuang (Ben Cao Yan Yi), bamboo paste (Kai Bao Ben Cao), bamboo yellow (Compendium), bamboo sugar (Pseudo Medicinal Article Discernment), bamboo sanshi, bamboo ginseng. [Source] This product is a lump made from the wounded fluid between the nodes of Bambusa textilis McClure, a plant of the family Gramineae, after being bitten by the parasitic bamboo wasp and dried. [Ingredients] Contains potassium hydroxide and silica. [Efficacy and Dosage] Clearing heat and expelling phlegm, and relieving pain from rheumatic paralysis. It is used for febrile illness, delirium, phlegm confusion and incoherence in stroke, convulsions in children with shock and epilepsy. For internal use: 3-9g, or in pills or powder. [Adverse Reaction] There is skin allergy. [Example] ①There were 4 patients (3 males, 1 female), 3 cases took Zhuyang once, about 30g; 1 case took Zhuyang 3 times, 20g each time, all patients had the onset of disease on the day of taking Zhuyang or the next day after exposure to the sun. The common features of the lesions were erythema on the face, back of hands and back of feet, local light puffiness. 2 cases had water scars on the erythema on the back of hands and feet, the largest blister was as big as a small egg. 2 cases were accompanied by numbness and pain at the lesion site, and dark brown pigment spots were left after the erythema receded. In one case, a 27-year-old male took 100 ml of medicinal wine made from bamboo yellow, and on the next day, after exposure to sunlight, redness and pain appeared on the face, eyelids and exposed parts of the limbs, and then changed to 100 g of bamboo yellow decoction, and after further exposure to sunlight, the symptoms worsened with palpitations. Electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia. [Avoid exposure to sunlight after taking Druk Huang. Active anti-sensitization treatment after occurrence of skin allergy. References 1. Chen Huaqu, et al. Report of 4 cases of phototoxic dermatitis caused by the internal use of Chinese medicine Zhu Huang Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 1983,12(2):99 2. Lin Xueyi, 1 case of sun-dermatitis-like skin reaction with sinus bradycardia after taking Zhu Huang Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1993,18(12):755 23. Trichosanthis [synonym] Pollen, Gua wilt root (Figure 28-29). [Source] This product is the root of Juniperus trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, or bilateral Juniperus trichosanthes rosthornii Herms, family Cucurbitaceae. [Composition] Trichosanthes contains saponin, trichosanthin, amino acids, sugar and starch. [Pharmacology] ① smallpox powder protein on mice and dogs have a medium-term induction of labor. ②The injection made of smallpox powder can be used as an abortion drug. ③ crude extract of smallpox powder on the gravida and malignant gravida has a certain effect. [efficacy and dosage] clear heat and generate fluid, eliminate swelling and drain pus. Used for fever and thirst, dry cough with lung heat, internal heat and thirst, sores and swelling. Dosage:10-15g. [Adverse Reactions] Fever and headache, sore throat, nausea, diarrhea, rash, occasionally neurovascular edema, pathological electrocardiogram or heart rate abnormalities, decreased blood pressure, epistaxis, excessive bleeding before and after abortion, hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal distension, proteinuria, etc.. In the worst cases, it causes anaphylaxis, brachial artery thrombosis, complicating acute pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, cerebral tissue hemorrhage and myocardial damage. [Example] ①2 cases of vaginal induction of labor resulting in toxic death. See chills, headache, dizziness, fever, and death by coma. ②2 cases of lacrimation and sneezing with lip cyanosis, shortness of breath and general discomfort during processing of smallpox powder, and the symptoms disappeared after anti-allergic treatment. References 1. Li Ling, et al. 2 cases of acute smallpox poisoning, Journal of Tongji Medical University, 1990,(6):11 2. Teng Rui Mao, 2 cases of allergic reactions caused by processing smallpox powder, Chinese Medicine Bulletin, 1986,(1):28 24. Tiannanxlng Rhizoma Arisaematis [synonym] Tiger palm, wild taro, snake wrapped grain, a umbrella (Fig. 30). [Source] This product is the tuber of Arisaema enubescens ( Wall, ) Schott, Arisaema heterophyllum Bl, or Arisaema amurense Maxim, family Tennantaceae. [Composition] It contains triple mushroom saponin, benzoic acid, D-mannitol and ornithine, glutamic acid, citrulline, arginine, R-sitosterol and its glucoside, etc. [Pharmacology] ①Anti-convulsant effect. ②Sedative and analgesic effects. ③Anti-tumor effect. ④Obvious expectorant effect. ⑤Anti-arrhythmic effect. ⑥Anti-inflammatory effect. [Efficacy and dosage] Dampness and phlegm, dispelling wind and spasm, eliminating nodules and dispersing swelling. It is used for cough with stubborn phlegm, wind-phlegm vertigo, stroke with phlegm kui, distorted mouth and eyes, hemiplegia, epilepsy, frightening wind, tetanus. Used externally for treating carbuncles and swellings, snake and insect bites, and generally after concoction. Dosage: 3-9 g. For external use: Raw in appropriate amount. [Adverse Reactions] When poisoned by accidental ingestion, it may initially cause burning sensation in the throat, numbness of the mouth and tongue, strong salivation of the tongue, congestion of the cheeks, difficulty in opening the mouth, oral erosion, etc. Subsequently, the central nervous system is affected, resulting in dizziness and panic, numbness of the limbs, even coma, asphyxia, and respiratory arrest. Skin contact poisoning may cause painful itching and swelling. [Example] ①4 cases of adults with poisoning symptoms such as tongue numbness, sore throat, and inability to speak due to taking a bite of TENNESSEE. ②3 cases caused mild erosion of oral mucosa, dry throat, burning, swollen tongue, salivation, numbness of mouth and tongue, loss of taste, slurred speech, hoarseness, and difficulty in opening mouth due to chewing its tuber for several mouthfuls. A girl was poisoned by accidentally ingesting several mouthfuls (about 10g) of the roots of Tennant’s tuber, and she developed tongue numbness, salivation, crying and restlessness in about 10 minutes. [It should not be used raw or chewed raw, and must be concocted and taken internally, and the dosage should be controlled and the proper combination should be paid attention to. For example: “If you get wind, you will not be numb.” For all windy mouth flaps, it is advisable to use Nanxing, moreover, it is supported by ginseng and Shiyingpu.” Yin deficiency, dry phlegm, pregnant women are prohibited. Toxicity increases when used with mangiferous grass; when used with fenugreek, dried ginger and ginger, its toxicity can be reduced, while its efficacy may be reduced. Once poisoning is treated: take cold dilute vinegar or tannic acid or strong tea, egg white, etc. Give oxygen to those who have difficulty in breathing, make tracheotomy if necessary, supportive therapy, symptomatic treatment. Chinese herbal medicine:5g of ginger, 100g of windbreak, 5g of licorice decoction, gargle half of it first, then take half internally, or 50-100g of vinegar with a little ginger juice, take it internally or gargle. References 1. Sun Xi-Bin, et al. Reported 4 cases of ginger juice curing Nannanxing poisoning, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1962,(11):38 2. Hong Cheng-Sen, Reported 3 cases of Nannanxing poisoning, Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine, 1964,12(12):1117 3. Zou Weizeng, et al. 1 case of Nervous mental development disorder due to Nannanxing poisoning, New Journal of Medicine, 1973,(9):9 25. TianmaRhizoma Gastrodiae [synonym] Red arrow, Mu Pu, Ming Tianma, Bai Long Pi (Figure 31). [Source] This product is the tuber of the orchid Gastrodia elata Bl,. [Component] asparagus tuber contains asparagine (p-hydroxymethylbenzyl alcohol R-D-glucose shake gastrodin ), asparagine glycosides (p-hydroxymethylbenzyl alcohol gastrodi-Benin) , succinic acid, vitamin A substances, and other substances, and also contains vanillyl alcohol. [Pharmacology] ① sedative, anticonvulsant effect. ②Lowering blood pressure effect. ③Analgesic, anti-inflammatory. ④Enhance cellular immunity and non-specific immunity of the body. ⑤It has the effect of increasing blood flow to the heart and brain. [Efficacy and Dosage] Calming the liver, quenching the wind, and stopping spasm. Used for headache and vertigo, numbness of limbs, pediatric convulsions, epileptic convulsions and tetanus. Dosage:3-9g. [Adverse Effects] Headache, facial and general swelling, chest tightness, weakness, nausea and vomiting; sweating and cold limbs, irritability, shortness of breath, decreased blood pressure, urinary and fecal incontinence, and even coma. [Example] ① 1 case of allergic edema caused by internal administration. The patient had pain in the joints of the limbs and numbness in both lower limbs, and took Duluxiaosheng Tang for 5 posts, the pain was reduced, but the lower limbs were still numb, so 10g of tianma was added, and after 2 posts, the face was swollen, and after 4 days, the whole body was swollen, accompanied by dizziness and weakness, chest tightness, and after stopping the medicine, the swelling was reduced and disappeared after 3 days, and after 3 months, tianma pills were taken again because the limbs were numb, and the face was swollen again after 3 days, and the symptoms were aggravated after 5 days, and the swelling subsided after stopping the medicine for 3 days. In one case, the headache, facial fever and coma were felt after taking tianma boiled chicken for 1h in hospital. The second serving occurred facial burning, weakness, mild headache, dizziness, followed by involuntary body, from a sitting position to fall forward to the ground, and call for. ③ 2 cases with fried asparagus formula for the treatment of coronary heart disease’, nausea and vomiting, chest tightness and panic, chills in the limbs, spontaneous sweating, accelerated breathing, decreased blood pressure, confusion, irritability, abdominal distension and pain, followed by urinary and fecal incontinence and other symptoms. After analysis, it was suspected that it was related to the fried and scorched asparagus. For this reason, experiments were done on rabbits and confirmed that it was related to the fried and scorched asparagus. References 1. Wang Kehong, Report of a case of swelling caused by asparagus, Journal of Practical Chinese Medicine, 1990,(4):28 2. Wang Xiaoping, et al, Report of a case of toxicity of asparagus, Chinese Medicine Information, 1986,(2):24 3. Pan Shiqing, Alert to the toxic side effects of charred asparagus, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1993,(10):601 26. Aucklandiae [synonym] Honey incense, Wu Mu Xiang, Nan Mu Xiang, Guang Mu Xiang (Figure 32). [Source] This product is the dried root of Muxiang Radix Aucklandia lappa Decne, a member of the Medicinal Family. [Composition] Contains volatile oil 0.3%-3% or 4%-7%, saussurine 0.05%, glucose 18% and sterols, etc. [Pharmacology] ① antispasmodic effect: alkaloids have inhibited the vagus nerve, central nervous function, the histamine-induced antispasmodic effect on the guinea pig bronchial and small intestinal smooth muscle. ②Anti-hypertensive effect: The refined infusion of Mucuna pruriens and de-lactone oil both have anti-hypertensive effect. [Efficacy and Dosage] Promote the flow of Qi and relieve pain, strengthen the spleen and eliminate food. It is used for distension and pain in the chest and yard, diarrhea and dysentery, food stagnation and inappetence. Simmered Mucuna pruriens astringently stops diarrhea and is used for diarrhea and abdominal pain. Dosage:3-10g. [Examples] Lan Shaomin reported 2 cases of allergy. In one case, a male, 34 years old, took Chinese medicine containing 9g of Mu Xiang for abdominal distension and pain, half a dose of which aggravated abdominal pain and caused corn-like red papules all over the body, the symptoms were relieved after stopping the medicine, and then the body itched and other symptoms appeared after taking Mu Xiang alone. Zhang reported a male, 42 years old, with swelling taking 10g of traditional Chinese medicine containing Mu Xiang, and after half a dose of decoction, he developed abdominal pain and rash, and after another half dose the rash worsened, chest tightness and breathlessness, abdominal pain and intestinal tinnitus, and diarrhea with stool color like washed flesh water. 1 year later, he took 3g of Mu Xiang with water alone, and again developed the above symptoms. References 1. Lan Shaomin, Report of two cases of allergic reactions to traditional Chinese medicine, Shandong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1985,(6):30 2. Zhang Renfu, Traditional Chinese medicine can also cause allergic reactions, Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1983,(4):39 27. Walengzi Concha Arcae [synonym] ark shell, hairy clam, tile ridge (Figure 33)0 [source] This product is a species of ark, Mao ark. Arca subcrenata Lischke, Arca granosa Linnaeus or Arca inflata Reeve’s shell. [Composition] It mainly contains calcium carbonate (more than 90%), calcium phosphate, etc. [Efficacy and Dosage] Eliminating phlegm and dissolving traces, softening hardness and dispersing knots, controlling acidity and relieving pain. It is used for stubborn phlegm accumulation, thick and difficult to be cured, gall tumor, scrofula, Y obstruction, stomach pain and acidity. Dosage:9-15g, preferably decocted first. [Adverse effects] Abdominal pain, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. [Example] A case of allergic reaction caused by taking corrugated seeds. After taking 1 dose, abdominal pain and diarrhea occurred that night. The patient had a history of allergic reaction to peony, so on the following day, the patient removed the corrugated seeds from the medicine and then continued to take the decoction, with good results. The patient then took a separate decoction of corrugated seeds, and sure enough, he had abdominal pain and diarrhea again. Reference Han Mingdao, Attention to corrugated seeds and oysters causing allergic reactions, Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1980,(4):9 28. Wuweizi Fructus Schisandrae [synonym] 茎x (Erya), 玄及 (Wu Pu Ben Cao), 会及 (Bu Lu), 五梅子 (Liaoning Main Medicinal Materials) (Figure 34). [Source] This product is the fruit of Schisandra chinensis ( Turcz , ) Baill, Magnoliaceae. [It contains volatile oil, organic acids, vitamins, sugars and resins. The content of volatile oil varies from 1.15% to 2%, and the main component is citral, and contains sesquiterpenes and arginine, and also contains schisandra juice acid. The unsaponifiable part of the seeds contains three kinds of crystalline substances, namely schizandrin, dehydroxy schizandrin and schizandrol. [Pharmacology] ①Effects on central nervous system:The crude extract of Schisandra chinensis can enhance the excitability of central nervous system, improve intelligence and work efficiency. Oral administration of schisandra powder can concentrate the cortical inhibition process, enhance the flexibility of excitation and inhibition process, and promote the balance of the two processes, ether extract has a sedative effect. Effects on cardiovascular system: It has cardiotonic effects. Its aqueous infusion and dilute alcoholic infusion can strengthen cardiac contractility and increase vascular tone. It can lower the maternal blood pressure in nephropathy. ③It has a lowering effect on serum transaminases. The mechanism of enzyme lowering is not the direct inactivation and degradation of ALT in the blood, but the protective effect on hepatocytes. ④Action on respiratory system:Schisandra chinensis can directly excite the respiratory center, causing a significant increase in respiratory frequency and amplitude, and can counteract the inhibitory effect of morphine on animal respiration. The ether extract has cough suppressant and expectorant effects. [Efficacy and Dosage] Astringent to the lung, nourishing the kidney, promoting the production of body fluid, collecting sweat and astringent to the essence. It is used for treating lung deficiency and asthma, dry mouth and thirst, spontaneous sweating, night sweating, strain and injury, lethargy, dream emission and spermatorrhea, prolonged diarrhea and dysentery. Dosage: 1,5-6g in decoction. [Adverse Reactions] May cause skin allergy and respiratory depression. [Example] ① A female, 54 years old, with sequelae of traumatic brain injury, took Schisandra syrup, 10 ml each time, twice a day, developed tongue itching, and 3 days later, generalized itching, flushing, and urticaria. One week after stopping the drug, he was given Schisandra syrup orally again, and both developed urticaria on the same day of the drug, which was relieved by anti-allergic treatment. (2) A female, 56 years old, with chronic bronchitis, took Xiao Qing Long Tang plus or minus 10g of Wu Wei Zi, and after taking 1 dose, the chest fullness and wheezing increased, and after taking another dose, the wheezing became worse, and the respiratory depression disappeared after removing Wu Wei Zi. There were 2 other cases with similar reactions. [Prevention and control] In case of skin allergy, discontinue the drug immediately and carry out anti-allergic treatment. In case of respiratory depression, close observation of respiration after discontinuation of the drug, oxygen may be administered, and respiratory stimulants added in addition to anti-allergic treatment if necessary. References 1. Song Hongqi, et al. Allergic reactions caused by oral administration of Schisandra syrup, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1990, (4) 51 2. Gong Weixing, Three cases of respiratory depression caused by administration of Schisandra, Heilongjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1990, (1):
30 29, Maodongqing Radix et Folium Ilicis Pubescentis [Source] This product is the root or leaf of Maodongqing Ilex pubescens Hook et Am, Holly family. [Composition] The roots and bark of Ilex pubescens contain a variety of flavonoids and phenolic components, as well as sterols, tannins and triterpenoids. [Pharmacology] ①Cardiovascular system effects:Protective effects on T-wave alterations in myocardial ischemia, reducing S-T segment excursions and rhythm disturbances, and significantly increasing coronary artery flow. ②Effect on lipid metabolism:There is a tendency to reduce aortic atherosclerosis. ③Antibacterial effect. ④Inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. [Efficacy and dosage] Promoting blood circulation, relieving swelling and pain, clearing heat and detoxifying. Used for angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pediatric pneumonia, frostbite. For internal use:50-150g. For external use in appropriate amount. [Adverse effects] In a few cases, dry mouth, epigastric discomfort, headache, dizziness, chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, dry stool, excessive menstruation, palpitations, general fatigue and weakness, prolonged coagulation time and prothrombin time, etc. [Example] ①97 cases of coronary heart disease were treated with Mao Dongqing in this hospital. 12 cases showed loss of appetite, nausea, belching, dry throat, epigastric pain and discomfort 2 weeks after taking the drug. 2 cases had a few subcutaneous bleeding spots or small petechiae on the upper limbs. An elderly male patient with hypertension and coronary artery disease for more than 10 years was treated with intramuscular injection of Mao Dongqing injection 4m1, 1h after which he developed generalized pruritus and mung bean-sized scars with marked angioneurotic edema of the left neck and upper lid of the left eye. Anti-allergic treatment was immediately discontinued and the symptoms disappeared. References 1, Zhongshan Medical College, Guangdong Chaoyang County Health Bureau Coronary Heart Disease Scientific Research Collaborative Group, Observation on the efficacy of Mao Dongqing in treating 972 cases of coronary heart disease, New Medicine, 1978,(4):176 2, Department of Internal Medicine, Dengta Hospital, Anyang City, Henan, China, Report of one case of allergic reaction to Mao Dongqing injection, Journal of Integrative Medicine, 1987,(4):232 30, Burdock Niubangzi Fructus Arctii [synonym] Daliizi, malachite (Figure 36). [source] for the family Asteraceae Arctium lappa L, the dried mature fruit of burdock. [The fruit contains arctiin (C27H34O11), which is hydrolyzed to produce arctigenin (1-arctigenin), 25%-30% fatty oil, which is the glycerol of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linseed oleic acid. In addition, it also contains a small amount of sterols (sterols), vitamin A-like substances, vitamin B1, etc. [Pharmacology] Burdock decoction has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus hemolyticus, and can significantly and persistently lower blood sugar in rats. [Efficacy and Dosage] It is published to penetrate rash, clear heat and detoxify. Used for wind-heat colds, cough with phlegm, sore throat, impermeable measles, carbuncles and sores. Decoction:6-12g. [Adverse Reactions] Dizziness, vomiting, chest tightness and shortness of breath, pimples on the skin with unbearable itching. [Example] ①After taking the medicine for about 30 min, the patient felt sudden tightness and shortness of breath in the chest with a feeling of obstruction in the throat, followed by dizziness and vomiting, and skin papules appeared one after another with unbearable itching. References Wu Shuzhong, Burdock seeds caused allergic reaction 1 case, Chinese medicine bulletin, 1987,(4);58 31, Danshen Danshen Radix Salviae Miltiorrhhizae [synonym] Red root, big red robe, blood ginseng root, red salvia. [Source] This product is the root and rhizome of Danshen Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, family Labiatae. [The chemical constituents extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza are divided into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble. The fat-soluble components include several diterpene quinones: tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, tanshinone IIB, cryptotanshinone, etc. The water-soluble components include proto-catechol and phenolic tanshinin, etc. [Pharmacology] ①Improve microcirculation and increase coronary artery blood flow. ②Inhibit platelet aggregation. ③Anti-thrombotic effect. ④Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. ⑤Improve hypoxia tolerance. ⑥Significant preventive and curative effects on acute and chronic liver injury. ⑦It promotes immune function. ⑧Promote tissue repair and regeneration. [Efficacy and Dosage] Expelling blood stasis and relieving pain, invigorating blood circulation, clearing the heart and removing irritation. Used for irregular menstruation, menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea, accumulation of Y obstruction, stabbing pain in the chest and abdomen, painful heat paralysis, sore and swelling pain, distress and sleeplessness, enlargement of liver and spleen, angina pectoris. Dosage:9-15g. [Adverse Reactions] Headache, dizziness, dry mouth, chest tightness, panic, edema of eyelids, lumbago, itchy rash, wind mass, body discomfort, etc. There has also been liver damage. [Example] ① 2 cases of allergy caused by intravenous drip, headache, panic, chest tightness, with pain in the scapular region, irritability, mild edema of both eyes, followed by pulling back pain, rash all over the body, itching. (2) One case of oral administration caused discomfort around the body, unbearable itching, and red skin with wind lumps after scratching, dry mouth, dizziness, and weakness. 2 months ago, he took Salvia miltiorrhiza 15g orally at home, and also developed skin papules and generalized itching. References I. Wang Baojia, et al. 2 cases of allergy caused by Danshen injection, Gansu Medicine, 1991,(5):305 2. Qin Yuan, 1 case report of Danshen allergy, Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1989,(2):23 32. Yuejihua Flos Rosae Chinensis [synonym] Yuejihua Hong, Four Seasons Flower, Yuegui Flower, Yuejihua Kai, Yuejihong. [Source] This product is the flowers of Rosa chinensis Jacq, Rosaceae. [Ingredients] The flowers contain volatile oil, quercetin, tannin, gallic acid, pigment, etc. [Efficacy and Dosage] Promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation. Used for menstrual disorders and dysmenorrhea. Dosage:1,5-4,5g. [Adverse Effects] Abdominal pain, cold sweat. [Example] ① After taking 1 dose, suddenly felt abdominal pain and cold sweat, then took out (reduced) 1/3 of Moonflower and took it, abdominal pain did not occur. References Wang Huliang, Moonflower overdose caused abdominal pain, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1981,(11):501 33, Badou Fructus Crotonis [synonym] Ba Beans, Gangzi, Lao Yangzi, Ba Guo, Double-eyed Dragon. [Source] This product is the plant Croton tiglium L, Croton family, the mature fruit. [Composition] The seeds contain croton oil (Croton oil ) 50%-60%, protein about 18%, the oil is mainly oleic acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, etc.. The main toxic components are croton oil, croton toxin, croton glucoside and alkaloids. [Pharmacology] ① Promotes intestinal peristalsis and has an emetic effect. ②Croton oil can reflexively cause the increase of blood pressure through the action of chemoreceptors. ③Increases the concentration of cGMP in platelets, leading to platelet agglutination. ④It has a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. ⑤It can delay the development of skin cancer and has a certain inhibitory effect on mouse lymphocytic leukemia P – 388. ⑥It has analgesic effect. [Efficacy and dosage] Used externally to erode herpes, for malignant scabies, warts and moles. It can be applied externally in appropriate amount, grinded and applied to the affected area, or pounded and wrapped in gauze and rubbed on the affected area. [Adverse reactions] Acute inflammation can be caused by skin contact, foaming and burning pain after 24h, acute inflammation can also be caused by eye and nose contact. First of all, it can cause burning pain in the mouth, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, vomiting blood-like material, watery stool, or rice soup-like with blood, and shortness of breath. Due to severe diarrhea, intestinal wall erosion causes dehydration, hematuria, urinary shutdown, dyspnea, thin pulse, decreased body temperature, delirium, and cyanosis. Death was due to respiratory and circulatory failure. [Example] ①There were 12 cases in which croton was mistakenly swallowed as peanuts in an unknown amount. 30 min later, nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort and pain increased diarrhea once, and the stomach was washed with warm water, 2 egg whites were taken in a single dose, 500 g of soybeans, 50 g of white herbs and 30 g of licorice were taken frequently in a thick decoction. Then add infusion and other treatment, 24h after the pain and diarrhea stop. [Control] This product is toxic. It is contraindicated for those who do not have cold stagnation, pregnant women and the weak. Poisoning rescue methods: early gastric lavage, egg white and activated charcoal, intravenous infusion of glucose saline; give slightly warm flow juice drink, abdominal pain can be injected morphine, atropine, such as cyanosis, can give oxygen, injection of respiratory stimulants. In the presence of shock, symptomatic treatment such as sniffing dilute ammonia and acupuncture therapy can be given. References 1. Jiang Ruijin, Treatment experience of croton poisoning, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1992,(9):421 2. Jiangsu New Medical College, Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1985, 502 34. Shuiyin Hydrargyrum [synonym] Bai San (Huainanzi), mercury (Bu Lu), lead essence, sand mercury (Shi Yu Er Ya) (also known as “linglium”), “linglium” (Compendium). [Source] It is a kind of liquid metallic mercury, mostly obtained from Cinnabaris ore, but a few are taken from natural mercury. [Composition] It is monomeric metallic elemental mercury (Hg), and usually contains traces of silver (Ag). [The dissociated mercury ions can combine with sulfhydryl groups in various enzymes in the body and inhibit the activity of many enzymes, interfere with cell metabolism and function, and cause dysfunction of the nervous system. Mercury can be absorbed by the skin and the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, and mercury ions combine with the tissue proteins of various organs to form mercury proteins, leading to cellular metabolic disorders. [Efficacy and Dosage] Attacking poison, killing insects. It is mainly used for treating scabies of the skin, ringworm, syphilis, hemorrhoids, pediatric fever, epilepsy, etc. It is also used externally. It is used externally and mixed with other medicines. [Adverse effects] Mainly manifested as symptoms of the nervous system, digestive system and urinary system. Such as lethargy, drowsiness, headache, palpitation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic, obvious swelling of oral mucosa, edema, oliguria, proteinuria. In severe cases, syncope, spasm, coma, and shock may occur. If resuscitation is not timely, there is a risk of death within 1-2 days. In addition, there is also liver and kidney function damage. Sexual function is diminished. Respiratory system and cardiovascular system are affected. [Example] ①A female patient, due to vaginal itching, was put into the posterior vaginal vault with 21g of mercury etc. finely mixed, and felt dizziness, headache and nausea the next day. The following day, she felt dizziness, headache, nausea, body aches, panic, pallor, and anuria. He died in the morning of the same day due to respiratory, circulatory and acute renal failure. ② 1 case of acute mercury poisoning due to swallowing 500g of mercury. References 1. Wei Taihe, 1 case of acute mercury poisoning death in the vagina, Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1984,19(3):180 1. Niu Shilian, Treatment of mercury poisoning, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1988,9(2):79 35. leech Shuizhi Hirudo [synonym] 蛭j, to palm (Erya) moth (Ben Cao Tu Jing), red leech (Jisheng Fang), yellow grapsus ( 本草求原》). [Source] This product is the dried body of leech Whitmania pigra Whitman, leech Hirude nipponica Whitman or willow-leech Whitmania acranulata Whitman, family Leechidae. [Ingredients] Leeches mainly contain protein. The salivary glands of fresh leeches contain hirudin hemophilin, an anticoagulant component secreted by leeches when they suck human blood. In addition, the secretion also contains histamine-like substances, heparin and antithrombin. [Pharmacology] ①Anti-coagulant effect. ②Anti-thrombotic effect. ③Vasodilating effect. ④Reducing blood viscosity. ⑤Lowering lipid effect. ⑥Promote the absorption of hematoma. ⑦Anti-fertility effect. ⑧In vitro experiment, it has inhibitory effect on the growth of liver cancer in mice. ⑨ Immunosuppressive effect. [Efficacy and Dosage] To break up blood, expel blood stasis and promote menstruation. It is used for obstruction of the mass in the intestine, blood stasis and menstrual blockage, bruises and injuries. Dosage:1,5-3g. [Adverse Reactions] Poisoning is mostly caused by overdose, or by leech bite when working in water fields. Symptoms can be seen as nausea, vomiting, and uterine bleeding. In severe cases, gastrointestinal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, hematuria, and coma occur. The bite manifests locally as prolonged bleeding. [Example] ①1 case of shock caused by internal leech formula, with skin papules, burning, itching, pale face, dyspnea, cyanosis of mouth and lips, cold extremities, and decreased blood pressure. ②1 case due to chronic nephritis purchased leech 200g, research powder, mixed with flour a little pancake to eat, once taken, 2h after eating, elbow and knee stiffness, followed by the surrounding body blue, rigid, can not speak, mental coma, respiratory failure, weak heartbeat, resuscitation failed to die. [Note] Leech is toxic. Decoction: 3-6g; finely grinded for pills and powder 0,6-1,5g, poisoning amount: 15-30g, incubation period 1-4h. Not to be taken by pregnant women. References 1. Yi Xianchun, 1 case of allergic reaction caused by leech, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1991, (5):309 2. Xu Huayi, et al, 1 case of leech poisoning death reported, Hubei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1989, (4):14 36. Aiye Folium Artemisiae Argyi [Synonyms] Bingtai, Ai Penny, Moxa, Sweet Ai, Grass Ai. [Source] This product is the leaves of the plant Artemisia argyi Levl, et Vant, family Asteraceae. [Composition] Mugwort leaf contains volatile oil about 0,5% [the main component of the oil is 1,8-eucalyptus oleoresin, and α-phellandren ), β-caryophyllene (β-caryophyllene), 1-α-terpined ), tannic acid, vitamins and so on. [Pharmacology] ①Significant excitatory effect on guinea pig isolated uterus. ②Antibacterial effect. ③It has excitatory respiratory and hypotensive effects. [Efficacy and dosage] Dispersing cold and relieving pain, warming menstruation and stopping bleeding. Used for cold pain in the lower abdomen, irregular menstrual flow, cold infertility in the uterus, vomiting of blood, epistaxis, menstrual leakage, and bleeding in pregnancy; externally for itching of the skin. Vinegar Ai charcoal warms menstruation and stops bleeding, used for deficiency cold bleeding. Internal use: 3-9 g. For external use in appropriate amounts, for moxibustion or fumigation. [Adverse reactions] After taking large amount of mugwort orally, symptoms of poisoning may appear in 30 min: dryness and thirst in the throat, nausea, vomiting, followed by general weakness, dizziness, tinnitus, tremor of limbs, and in severe cases, death. Pregnant women may suffer from bleeding or miscarriage. Chronic poisoning has symptoms such as sensory hypersensitivity, ataxia, fantasy, neuritis, and epileptiform spasms. [Example] ①A patient who took mugwort developed jaundice, hemorrhage, and severe liver damage, which eventually led to death. ②A patient took 6 roots of aged mugwort (about 80g) in a decoction on an empty stomach, felt dizziness after 10min, chest tightness after 30min, shortness of breath, convulsions, pale face, and died after resuscitation. [Note] The toxic component of mugwort is volatile oil, the common amount of internal consumption: 9g-15g, the amount of poisoning: 18g-45g, the incubation period of poisoning 1-4h. References 1. Hu M.N., et al. 20 commonly used herbal medicines reported to cause death and its revelation, Jiangsu TCM, 1990,11 (7):30 2. Zhu T.Z., Overview of research on poisoning death of common herbal medicines, TCM Bulletin, 1987 , 12 (10);57