Neuroblastoma is staged based on imaging to define risk factors and the degree of resection that can be done surgically, and there are currently two international systems for neuroblastoma, namely INRG and INSS.
⒈ INRG:Staging is based on imaging-defined risk factors.
(1) L1 stage:Only tumor in the primary site, and no imaging definition risk factors.
(2) L2 stage:Tumor without distant metastasis and presence of imaging-defined risk factors.
(3) Stage M:Tumor with distant metastases.
(4) MS stage:Diagnosed patient is less than 18 months of age and the tumor has metastasized only to the skin, liver, or bone marrow.
PEAK INSS:Staging is based on the extent to which the tumor can be surgically resected.
(1) Stage 1:The tumor has not spread to nearby lymph nodes and can be completely removed by surgery.
(2) Stage 2A:The tumor only has local development at the primary site and has not spread to the nearby lymph nodes. Due to the size and location of the tumor, the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery.
(3) Stage 2B:The tumor only has local development at the place of origin and has metastasized to the lymph nodes on the same side of the body, but it has not crossed the midline of the spine, and it is not always possible to completely remove the tumor by surgery.
(4) Stage 3:The tumor has not yet developed distant metastases, but has crossed the midline of the spine and cannot be removed by surgery.
(5) Stage 4:The tumor has metastasized to lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver or other organs in distant parts of the body.
(6) Stage 4S:The patient’s age at diagnosis is less than 1 year, and the tumor has developed only locally but has metastasized in the liver, skin, and bone marrow without bone metastasis.
If the diagnosis of neuroblastoma is confirmed, the patient should go to the hospital for regular treatment in time.