Patient: Hi Dr. Jiu, I am 20 years old and have unilateral varicose veins, my right lower limb has earthworm-like veins of about 3 cm, and my legs hurt when I walk for a long time. The symptoms have worsened with time, especially after giving birth, and my right calf is now 10 cm, with hyperpigmentation and protruding veins at the ankle. Usually I don’t feel it, and I wear an elastic bandage. I would like to ask: How can I determine the cause as valvular insufficiency? Is the examination traumatic? If it is valve insufficiency, is surgery necessary? What kind of surgery? Is it better to operate as soon as possible? Is there a high chance of recurrence? How long will I have to stay in the hospital for the surgery? I have to take time off work. Peripheral Vascular Surgery Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing