Routine urine examination includes three parts: general urine properties examination, urine chemical examination, and urine sediment microscopy. Comprehensive analysis of urine routine examination is the most important index to judge kidney disease as well as kidney function. General urine properties include urine volume, urine color, transparency, foam, odor, pH, specific gravity; urine biochemical examination includes urine protein characterization, urine sugar, urine ketone bodies, urine bilirubin, urine bilirubin, urine nitrite; urine sediment microscopy mainly includes red blood cells, white blood cells, pus cells, epithelial skin cells, tubular type, salt crystals, sulfonamide crystals, and fat droplets, mucus filaments, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc. .