Lumbar spine fractures in the elderly take longer to heal themselves and have more comorbidities due to their own characteristics. Prompt medical attention is needed to clarify the diagnosis before deciding on a treatment plan. The most common lumbar spine fracture in the elderly is a compression fracture of the lumbar spine, because the bone quality of the elderly is relatively poor and prone to osteoporosis, which increases the brittleness and decreases the flexibility of the bone,. The lumbar spine is dominated by cancellous bone, and the strength of the bone itself is relatively poor. Therefore, lumbar spine fractures in the elderly are often compression fractures. The treatment of compression fractures requires a treatment plan based on the degree of injury, so the degree of damage to the lumbar spine should first be examined clearly after the fracture. Currently, the first recommended treatment for compression fractures is percutaneous pedicle vertebroplasty, which is less invasive and more effective. This method involves injecting bone cement into the compressed vertebral body to regain the height of the vertebral body. Conservative treatment of lumbar compression fractures is relatively slow to recover and prone to new injuries, along with many complications. Therefore, it is recommended that lumbar compression fractures are still treated with vertebroplasty.