Cellular autophagy is an important process for the regulation of intracellular substances that is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes. In layman’s terms, a cell can provide nutrients and energy by degrading its own non-essential components, and it can also degrade some toxic components to prevent cell damage and apoptosis. In this process, some damaged proteins or organelles are wrapped by autophagic vesicles with double membrane structure and then sent to lysosomes or vesicles for degradation and recycling. There are three main forms of cellular autophagy, including microautophagy, macroautophagy, and molecular chaperone-mediated autophagy. Cellular autophagy, like apoptosis and cellular senescence, is a very important biological phenomenon, which is involved in a variety of processes such as development and growth of organisms, and abnormalities in cellular autophagy lead to the emergence of cancer cells. Therefore, if the gene of cell autophagy is mutated, the body will also have some problems. For specific knowledge, please consult a specialized physician.