Children’s eye injuries should be how to first aid eye blunt contusion, according to the injury site and the condition of different treatment: 1, eye face contusion on vision without impact, if it is red and swollen early, you can first use cold water towel or ice cold compress, so that its surrounding blood vessels constriction, 1-2 minutes later can be changed to hot compress, to promote the absorption of redness and swelling; at the same time can be taken orally –some antibiotic drugs to promote the inflammation to subside. 2, conjunctival contusion, if only a small amount of bleeding can be self-absorption, while local antibiotic eye drops; such as heavy damage affecting vision, should go to the hospital for conjunctival mucosal transplantation repair, to prevent adhesion of the risk ball. 3, corneal epithelial abrasions, should be applied locally ointment to cover the affected eye, generally 24 hours to heal; corneal edema can be 50% glucose hypertonic drops. 4, iris ciliary contusion can be divided into several cases, when the pupil is dilated and deformed, you can bring black glasses to avoid light; for anterior chamber bleeding, both eyes should be covered and rest in semi-recumbent position, and should go to hospital for treatment; if diplopia occurs, you should go to hospital immediately; local antibiotics and IOP-lowering drugs should be used to prevent the occurrence of secondary glaucoma. 5. In case of orbital contusion, lens injury, retinal and choroidal contusion and optic nerve contusion, the affected eye should be immediately covered with sterile gauze and sent to hospital for treatment. How to give first aid to children who have gas poisoning? For children with gas poisoning, timely resuscitation is crucial and should be a race against time. First of all, windows should be opened immediately to keep the air circulating, and the child who is in a trance should be quickly moved outside to get fresh air. In the process of resuscitation, attention should be paid to keeping the child’s airway open and loosening its collar and trouser belt so that its breathing is not restricted in any way. For children whose breathing is superficial, slow or has stopped, after removing the vomit from the mouth, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration should be given without fail to maintain effective oxygen inhalation to win valuable rescue time. At the same time, hospital emergency should be contacted immediately. The key to the rescue of gas poisoning is to race against time, which will achieve twice the effect with half the effort. Children’s electric shock a. Emergency rescue 1, if possible, should turn off the main power. If you can not turn off the total power supply, stand on an insulated object, such as a pile of dry newspaper, with non-conductive sticks, such as moving away from the wire or move the child. There is no applicable thing at hand for a while, you should wrap your hands with as much dry cloth or dry newspaper as possible and grab the child’s clothes. Note: Do not touch his skin. Before the child is removed from the power supply, do not directly hold the electrocuted child to avoid their own electrocution. 2, after the power is removed, check whether the child is conscious. If confused, check his breathing and start mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration immediately if necessary. If the carotid pulsation disappears or no heartbeat can be heard, do cardiac massage immediately. 3, according to the size of the child, artificial respiration can be 18-25 times per minute, cardiac massage for 80-100 times per minute. General artificial respiration 1 time, heart massage 4 times. Resuscitation must be full of confidence and persevere to the end, even on the way to the hospital, do not give up. 4, check his burns, check the two parts of the child’s body in contact with the power source as well as the ground, the burns look red, feverish, and may also swell up, regardless of which symptoms appear, they need to be treated as severe burns. Second, what kind of situation needs to be sent to the hospital urgently to rescue? A child’s confusion or loss of consciousness, even if only for a few seconds, is an emergency. There are any electrical burns. This type of electrical burn appears to be small in size, but the wound is deep. What to look for when nosebleeds occur Nosebleeds are both a symptom and a disease of many diseases, and because they can be mild or severe, they should not be ignored. When nosebleeds occur, you should pay attention to these issues: 1. Avoid panic. Children are still young, when the bleeding occurs suddenly, often at a loss for words. At this time, parents should first calm down, can guide the child to do slow and deep breathing, in order to fully relax. 2. Do not lie on your back. Do not let the child lie on his back when the nose bleeds. Because when lying on his back, blood will flow from the back wall of the throat into the esophagus and stomach, and will soon be vomited from the stomach again, which hides the truth of nosebleeds. Let the child take a sitting or semi-sitting position, pay attention to keep the respiratory tract open to prevent the blood from flowing into the mouth through the posterior nostril, and instruct the child to spit out the blood flowing into the mouth as much as possible to prevent the blood from being swallowed to stimulate the gastrointestinal tract causing nausea and vomiting or the child accidentally inhaling the respiratory tract and causing asphyxiation. 3, do not use paper rolls, cotton stuffing. This not only can not play a role in stopping the bleeding, unclean paper rolls and cotton will instead cause inflammation. 4, to tighten the pressure on the nose. Parents should use the second knuckle of the thumb and index finger to tightly press the child’s bilateral nasal flanks, because the child’s nasal bleeding is generally in the front of the nasal septum, compression of the bilateral nasal flanks can generally stop the bleeding. In addition, a cold towel can be applied to the child’s forehead to help stop the bleeding. The nosebleed should also be checked in the hospital to rule out hematological disorders first. If the bleeding is due to the rupture of the nasal mucosa, small blood vessels can also be treated in time to avoid further bleeding. First aid for children with ankle sprains 1. Immediately take off your shoes and lift the injured foot. If the foot is too swollen to take off the shoe, cut it with scissors and take it off. 2. Apply cold compress quickly. Use a cold water towel or ice pack on the injured part or put the injured foot into a bucket full of ice for better results. Never rub or massage before the cold compress, otherwise it will make the injury larger. 3, fixed. After the cold compress with elastic bandage tied tightly sprained parts. The method is first in the ankle around 1 circle, then around to the back of the foot and the sole of the foot, back around the back of the foot, and then around the ankle more than one circle tied tight; if the injury pain is severe, indicating the possibility of fracture, should be sent to the hospital in a timely manner. 4.Elevate the injured part to relieve the pain and keep it quiet. 5.After 24 hours, after the swelling and pain have passed and no fracture sign is found, use hot compress to promote local blood circulation to facilitate timely absorption of hematoma. First aid for children’s heat stroke 1. With low temperature and high humidity in summer, if ventilation is poor, muscle heat dissipation may become impaired. The manifestation is headache, dizziness, fatigue, high fever, and accelerated breathing. First-aid measures: apply an ice pack to the forehead or wipe the body with a towel soaked in warm water for physical cooling, taking care not to make the body temperature plunge below 38 degrees to avoid convulsions. At the same time, every 10 minutes to monitor, if necessary, sent to hospital treatment. 2. In a hot environment, the body sweats more and loses a large amount of body fluid through evaporation from the body surface. The child is prone to heavy sweating, deficiency, cold extremities, lower than normal body temperature, low blood pressure and other symptoms, and even coma in severe cases. First-aid measures: immediately get out of the hot environment, lie down or put the head down, drink cool light saline, do the above first-aid while preparing to send to hospital for treatment. 3, the ultraviolet rays in the summer sun directly irradiate the head, without any shading measures playing in the sun children are prone to dizziness, headache, tinnitus, nausea and vomiting, serious cases may appear coma and drowsiness. First aid measures: Immediately transfer the child to a shady place and use a cool towel or a cool water bag to cool the head, which can generally be restored to normal soon. Home first aid for children with bleeding trauma 1. If it is a superficial cut and scrape: first wash the wound with soap and clean water, then apply antibacterial ointment, then apply a band-aid or tie a bandage. The pressure of the bandage can usually prompt the blood to clot at the wound. 2. If there is more bleeding or if the wound is deep: apply firm pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage or clean clothing. If the wound is on the leg or hand, lift the injured limb so that the wound is above the heart. After 3-4 minutes of direct compression, check to see if the bleeding has stopped; if it has not, you should continue to compress the wound. Once the bleeding has stopped, gently clean the wound with soap and clean water or a sterile cloth, apply antibacterial ointment to prevent infection and reduce the possibility of scarring, and then dress the wound with a sterile bandage. 3.If bleeding is more than one: In the case of much bleeding, the finger pressure arterial hemostasis method should be adopted, i.e. compressing the artery supplying the bleeding regional tissue to achieve hemostasis. This method is suitable for hemorrhage in certain parts of the head and extremities. Prevention of tetanus The vast majority of children in China have been vaccinated against tetanus with a booster shot at the age of 11-12. To ensure effectiveness, it is recommended that a second tetanus vaccination be given every 10 years. This way, even if a child receives a high-risk trauma, such as a dog bite or a rusty nail, within 5 years of the last vaccination, it does not matter much. When the doctor is dealing with it, only one more injection of tetanus prevention is needed. Daily at home, first aid items are prepared First aid items such as: sterile gauze pads, bandages and triangular towels, medical tape, band-aids, sterile cotton balls or swabs, antibiotic ointment, scissors and tweezers, iodine and 75% alcohol, 2% red mercury (red drops). Emergency treatment of spasms 1. In case of respiratory arrest, artificial respiration should be done immediately until breathing is restored. When you encounter a patient with high fever spasms and convulsions, first move the patient to a cool place, loosen the clothes, apply cold compresses with ice packs to the head, neck, armpits and thighs, and give the patient cold salt water. To lose consciousness or violent convulsions, to make the patient is in a sleeping position, call an ambulance to the hospital to deal with. 2, often repeated seizures convulsions to make a detailed examination, repeated convulsion symptoms, in addition to epilepsy, may also be caused by cerebral blood guest disorder or brain tumor. It is very common for high fever to cause convulsions in young children. It is important to have a thorough examination for recurrent convulsions. Epilepsy is caused by brain dysfunction with disabling spasms and convulsions. The presence of convulsions and falling to the ground are typical symptoms of a seizure, but there is also momentary loss of consciousness and a feeling of abdominal pain in between. The symptoms of epilepsy vary with age and etiology and should be sent to the hospital for neurological examination. First aid method for children with fractures 1. Not all fractures require a visit to the emergency room. You can wait for a while to see if the child’s discomfort will go away on its own. The only thing you need to do is to elevate and immobilize the limb. If, within 2 to 4 hours, the child feels more pain when moving or walking, the parents should consider taking the child to a hospital orthopedic clinic. 2. Obvious fractures require prompt treatment. Parents should call the doctor immediately. Do not move the child, and if possible, immobilize the injured limb in a homemade splint. The splint can be made from a piece of wood or a folded up newspaper or magazine and placed under or on the side of the injured limb and wrapped around the splint and the injured limb with a triangular bandage, belt or tie. Do not wrap too hard and do not use gauze or thin rope, which may impede blood circulation. First aid for children with foreign bodies in the ear 1. If small insects have entered the ear, use (1) asphyxiation method: Tightly plug the external ear canal mouth with your fingers to cut off oxygen. (2) Light trapping method: Go to a dark room and shine a flashlight on the ear hole, the worms like light and will crawl out with the light. (3) Drowning method: face the ear canal opening upwards, put 3-5 drops of sesame oil, the worms will be drowned after a few minutes, then face the ear canal opening downwards, the dead worms will flow out with the oil. 2.If water enters the ear, use a skimmed cotton ball to suck out the water inside the ear, or let the ear canal on the water side face down and jump with one foot, and the water droplets can flow out. 3.If something like a small bean grain or a small projectile enters the ear, make your body bend toward the side of the ear with the foreign body and jump on one foot to make it difficult and dangerous. 4.When the above methods are not effective, do not use sharp objects to dig into the ear, but rush to the hospital for medical attention. First aid for children with cuts and scrapes 1. Wash the wound with soap and cold water, check if there is residue left in the wound, and remove the residue to make sure the wound is clean. If a child falls on the road, the dust of the road will be embedded in the wound. This not only tends to cause wound infection, but can leave permanent scars at the wound. Use a clean towel or sterilized paper towel to wipe away the dirt from the wound. Even if your baby cries and screams in pain, you can’t ignore this step. 2, sterilization with hydrogen peroxide has long been obsolete, because although hydrogen peroxide can sterilize, it also destroys the white blood cells that help repair the wound and slows down the healing process. It is recommended to use antibacterial creams sold in hospitals and pharmacies. Any skin wound, even if it is only a minor abrasion, may become a window for bacteria and viruses to invade. 3. The use of gauze or bandages is also good, but not mandatory. Once an antibacterial ointment is applied and the wound is sealed, it will begin to heal within eight hours in most cases. Gauze or bandages are necessary if the wound is large, bleeds quickly, or if the area where the wound is located rubs against clothing frequently. Band-aids should be applied according to the size of the wound and changed daily. First aid for heavy bleeding or deep wounds 1. Wide tourniquets tend to affect the blood circulation at the wound site, so that the muscle tissue cannot get enough blood supply, resulting in permanent injury. The best way to control wound bleeding is to apply direct pressure. 2.Putting an ice pack on the treated wound is good for compressing the blood vessels and reducing blood loss. If the bleeding does not stop after ten minutes, find a pediatrician or take the child to the emergency room as soon as possible. 3.If the injury is extremely serious and causes the limb to separate and break, call 120 emergency immediately while covering the wound with gauze pads or other sterile supplies. If you can’t find suitable dressing supplies, cover the wound with a plastic bag, plastic sheet, plastic glove, or even a piece of foldable aluminum foil. 4. It is best to fix the dressing at the wound and loosen a corner for air circulation. However, if the lung is traumatized, the traumatic area should be covered immediately without leaving too much space, so that the air can be avoided and directly inhaled into the child’s chest cavity. How to save children’s finger trauma In daily life, the portal, iron gate, window frame, drawer or car door of home and school are most likely to trap fingers, and the injured are mostly active children. The lighter the pinch, the swollen and bleeding, the heavier the finger may be cut off, the nail may fall off or the joint may bleed. Therefore, children must be more careful when playing or entering the portal. In case of accidental entrapment, the following methods can be used: 1. Parents need not panic, first comfort the child, see the bleeding place in time to stop bleeding and disinfection. 2, use thick cardboard and other objects to support the arm, then bandage, and then the arm with a triangular towel fixed. 3.If there is purple bleeding or swelling, it is possible that the bones of the fingers are fractured, so go to the hospital promptly for treatment. 4.If the bleeding does not stop, the injured finger can be elevated above the heart to relieve pain and stop the bleeding and go to the hospital. 5.Avoid bathing during the treatment of entrapment. Emergency methods for pediatric gastrointestinal foreign bodies Accidental swallowing of foreign bodies is usually seen in children aged 2 to 3 years old, as they can already walk around and love to put things they hold in their hands, such as chess pieces, coins, small nails, buttons, paper clips, small parts of toys, etc. into their mouths. If they are not careful, they may swallow them into their stomachs. When parents find that a child has swallowed a foreign body, there is no need to be overly nervous as long as choking and coughing, breathing difficulties, and choking and oxygen deprivation such as blue lips do not occur at that time. There is no need to try to make the swallowed foreign body spit out again, because vomiting can sometimes make the foreign body accidentally inhaled into the trachea and suffocation, especially children are more likely to happen. It is also wrong to use laxative to make the foreign body swallowed by mistake to be discharged quickly from the intestine, because foreign bodies such as nails and paper clips with tips and hooks are likely to be hooked to the intestinal wall and even cause perforation of the intestinal wall when they encounter rapid peristalsis of the intestinal tube due to the effect of drugs. In general, foreign bodies into the digestive tract, except for a few hooked, too large or too heavy foreign bodies, most foreign bodies such as chess pieces, coins, buttons, etc., can be discharged with the peristaltic movement of the gastrointestinal tract and feces. In order to prevent them from being retained in the digestive tract, children can be given more vitamin-rich foods, such as leeks and celery, to promote the physiological peristalsis of the intestinal tract and accelerate the discharge of foreign bodies. Most foreign bodies stay in the gastrointestinal tract for only two or three days, but some are discharged only after three or four weeks. Parents should check carefully each time the child has a bowel movement until the foreign body is confirmed to have been expelled. During this period, if the child vomits blood, has abdominal pain, fever or passes black stool, it means that there is a serious gastrointestinal tract injury and must go to the hospital for emergency treatment. If the foreign body is not found after three or four weeks, the child should go to the hospital for examination and disposal by a doctor. If the mercury is swallowed by inadvertently biting off the oral table when taking the temperature of the child, parents should not rush to feed the child milk, soy milk and egg green in order to combine the mercury with the protein in these foods to prevent the mercury from being absorbed and poisoned. Instead, the child should immediately rinse the mouth with water to remove the broken glass from the mouth, as long as no large pieces of broken glass are swallowed there is no danger. Usually, after swallowing mercury in the mouth, it can be discharged safely from the feces in a few hours or more than a dozen hours. Of course, mercury can evaporate into gaseous mercury at room temperature, which can cause poisoning after being inhaled into the respiratory tract. Therefore, the mercury scattered on the ground should be removed in time to prevent poisoning by inhalation. If the child swallows nails, paper clips, broken glass and other sharp, pointed foreign bodies with hooks, it is difficult to discharge them smoothly like ordinary foreign bodies. It is necessary to go to the hospital immediately for examination and disposal. This is because these foreign bodies may hook or penetrate the digestive tract at any time. What should I do if my child has a throat burn? Throat burns should not be ignored in childhood accidental injuries. There are many causes of throat burns, the common ones are as follows: children are impatient, after playing outside and feeling thirsty, they pick up the water cup and drink it at home, regardless of whether it is freshly poured boiling water or not; or they take the freshly made tea kettle and suck hard; they suddenly drink a large mouthful of soup floating with hot oil without steam escaping when eating; they eat dumplings too quickly and paste them in their throat, etc. These conditions are commonly seen in preschool children. After a child’s throat is scalded, local edema will soon occur, which can reach a peak within 4-8 hours, accompanied by poor breathing, wheezing, hoarse crying, and in severe cases, fever, and even pharyngeal edema, blocking the airway, leading to asphyxiation or even death. Therefore, anything that may cause burns to the throat of children should be actively avoided and prevented. In case of throat burns, minor ones can be treated at home with rest and recuperation. One is not to give children hard and hot food, but soft and cool food, pay attention to rest and avoid crying; the other is to use 10 grams of each of Chinese herbal medicines, such as dasheen leaves, thorns, peppermint, Huanglian, orris and licorice, decocted in water and let children take it slowly after it cools. In addition, children are naive and have difficulty in identifying medicinal solutions. Avoid storing highly concentrated corrosive liquids such as sulfuric acid, strong alkali, alcohol, chlorine solution, etc. at home to avoid being accidentally ingested by children and causing serious consequences. Remember that those who have severe edema of the throat, which has obviously affected breathing, or those who have accidentally taken toxic liquids and caused poisonous reactions at the same time, should be immediately sent to the hospital for medical treatment. How to safely deal with a splintered splinter, when we can handle it ourselves, and in what cases need to go to the hospital? 1, wood thorns, metal shavings or glass fragments into the skin, if not carefully removed, will cause infection. If it is a large thorn or has penetrated deep into the skin, do not remove it yourself, you should find a doctor or go to the emergency department of the hospital for consultation. Small thorns that are visible to the naked eye can usually be removed with tweezers, but care must be taken with hygiene and hands must be washed before use. Do not cough or sneeze into the wound to avoid infection caused by bacteria entering the wound. The forceps must be sterilized by burning them with a match, lighter or gas stove and used only after they have cooled. Do not wipe the soot off the tweezers after disinfection and do not touch the end of the tweezers. If the small prick is deeper, you have to find a doctor to deal with it, do not do it yourself, so as not to botch it up and make it more difficult to remove the small prick. A dirty splinter in the skin, or an uncontaminated splinter left in the skin for a long time, can cause tetanus. Tetanus is a dangerous infection that can cause sharp muscle spasms, especially in the jaw muscles, hence the name “dental closure”. 2. Stab wounds, burns, animal bites, traffic accidents and injuries from farming accidents can cause tetanus. People who have not received vaccination within five years should receive a booster injection if they have the above-mentioned trauma. Patients with tetanus may initially feel discomfort with a stiff and painful jaw, difficulty swallowing, fever, headache, and sweating. Muscles in other areas may also be stiff, the back painfully flexed, and the neck pulled back and down. The muscles may suddenly spasm when the patient hears a sound or is touched. If the patient is suspected of having tetanus, he or she should be taken to a hospital for emergency treatment. Vaccination is the most reliable way to prevent tetanus. Children receive three preventive injections before they reach the age of one, followed by a booster each when they start and finish elementary school. The general population should preferably be vaccinated every ten years, and those who work in close proximity to animals or dirt should be vaccinated every five years. Head trauma in children How to give first aid Head trauma in children is more common. The most dangerous one is intracranial hemorrhage. In order to prevent such mistakes, parents should pay attention to the condition of the child with head injury and make some simple examination and observation. 1. If a child falls on his head or is hit on the head by a hard object, even if there are no symptoms at that time, he should be allowed to rest quietly and be observed. Observation needs at least 24 hours, if up to 48 hours is more secure. 2. Examine the child’s skull in detail with your hands. The raised scalp bag is usually not important, but the most important thing is to feel with your hands if there is a localized depression of the bone plate. If there is, it means that the skull is ruptured or sunken by external force, which may damage the meninges or brain parenchyma, and should be sent to hospital for further observation. 3, pay attention to the child’s mental state and activities after the trauma, when there are different changes from the usual, such as surprisingly quiet, sluggish, reluctant to move, slow or indifferent reaction to the surrounding things, there may be substantial brain damage. 4, vomiting after trauma, is a danger signal, may be intracranial hemorrhage caused by intracranial hypertension, must be immediately sent to the emergency room for examination, do not delay. Otherwise, the child can be in a coma within a few minutes, and life-threatening. 5, pay attention to observe whether the child’s limb activity is symmetrical, if you find that the child’s one side of the limb activity is not working, or can not move, it may only be a limb injury, but also may be a serious manifestation of cranial trauma, and is often a symptom of late. To be on the safe side, the child should be taken to the hospital for examination in a timely manner. The actual fact is that you will be able to find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things. If there is no medication around temporarily, you can wash the affected area fully with soap and water and then apply some vinegar or lemon juice. 2, if shock occurs, after calling “120” or on the way to the hospital, pay attention to keep the injured person’s breathing open, and perform artificial respiration, heart massage and other first aid treatment. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get the best out of your own home. The actual fact is that you’ll be able to get a lot more than just a few of the most popular and most popular items. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on this. 3. Those who are asymptomatic after twenty minutes of being stung by a bee can be assured. The first aid method for babies who have taken the wrong medicine Parents should not panic or blame or scold their children once they find out that they have taken the medicine by mistake. The correct way to deal with it is: rapid discharge, reduce absorption, timely detoxification, and symptomatic treatment. First of all, to early detection of children taking the wrong medicine abnormal behavior, such as children mistakenly take sleeping pills or antihypertensive drugs containing sedatives, children will show listlessness, drowsiness, parents encounter this matter, to immediately check whether the drugs used by adults have been moved by the child. Secondly, parents should find out as soon as possible what medication their child has taken by mistake, how long the medication has been taken and how many doses have been taken by mistake, so that they can grasp the situation in time to develop a treatment plan for the next step. If the misdose is a general drug and the dose is small, such as ordinary Chinese medicine or vitamins with minimal toxic side effects, the child can drink more cool water to dilute the drug and excrete it from the urine in time. If you eat a large dose of drugs and toxic, or side effects (such as accidentally taking birth control pills, sleeping pills, etc.), you should be sent to the hospital for treatment, do not delay. If the accidentally taken is a more corrosive drugs, in the period of time to send the patient to the hospital, the appropriate first aid measures should be taken by people with common medical knowledge. For example, if a strong alkali drug is taken by mistake, vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice, etc. should be taken immediately; if a strong acid is taken by mistake, soapy water and raw egg white should be used to protect the gastric mucosa; if iodine is taken by mistake, etc., starch-containing liquids such as rice soup and noodle soup should be consumed. Finally, it is worth noting that when you are sent to the hospital for emergency treatment, you should take the wrong medicine or medicine bottle with you so that the doctor can understand the situation and take antidote measures in time. In short, it is necessary for parents to grasp this knowledge, and parents must pay attention to it and not ignore these things, so that they can help their children solve the problem.