How is chronic pancreatitis caused? Chronic pancreatitis is often caused by inflammatory and fibrous changes in the pancreatic parenchyma due to a variety of reasons, and is often accompanied by dilatation or stenosis of the pancreatic duct due to hardening of the pancreatic texture, and in severe cases, by the formation of pancreatic duct stones, which often manifest as recurrent pain in the upper abdomen and varying degrees of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic hypersecretion. Currently the most common causes of chronic pancreatitis are biliary tract disease and chronic alcoholism. Biliary tract diseases are the most common causes of chronic pancreatitis in China, mainly manifested as biliary stones or biliary ascaris, duodenal papilla edema and other diseases blocking the common pathway of the bile duct and pancreatic duct, and poor bile drainage flowing back into the pancreatic tissue, causing damage to the pancreatic parenchyma. Chronic alcoholism is a common cause of chronic pancreatitis in western countries. The damage to the pancreas caused by alcoholism is very serious, as a large amount of alcohol stimulates excessive secretion of pancreatic juice and increases the pressure of the pancreatic duct; excessive alcohol consumption can also induce pancreatic duct obstruction or spasm of the duodenal sphincter, resulting in pancreatic juice reflux causing damage to the pancreatic parenchyma. At the same time, alcohol can directly damage the pancreatic alveolar tissue, reduce protein synthesis and aggravate pancreatic tissue damage. In addition, other factors such as pancreatic trauma, congenital pancreatic separation malformation, hyperparathyroidism, etc. are rare. If pancreatitis is not completely cured, repeated episodes can aggravate pancreatic tissue fibrosis, leading to pancreatic duct stenosis and the formation of chronic pancreatitis.