What does cerebral infarction mean? It refers to the narrowing or occlusion of cerebral blood vessels, resulting in ischemia, necrosis and softening of brain tissue due to the blockage of cerebral blood flow, resulting in cerebrovascular dysfunction and causing related symptoms, such as cerebral tissue ischemia and hypoxia, cerebral thrombosis, etc. It is a common and frequent disease that endangers people’s health, threatens life and affects the workforce. The common types of cerebral infarction include: thrombotic cerebral infarction, embolic cerebral infarction, lacunar cerebral infarction and multiple cerebral infarction. Usually the performance is sudden fainting and unconsciousness, and it is common to have distorted mouth and eyes, unfavorable language and hemiplegia. 1, cerebral thrombosis (thrombotic cerebral infarction), also known as cerebral thrombosis, is a kind of cerebral infarction. It is a disease caused by the atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries, which makes the lumen of blood vessels gradually narrow or even completely occluded. Due to the formation of thrombus in the cerebral vessels, the blood supply to the local brain tissue is insufficient, and further softening and necrosis occur. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the thrombus formation in the brain. Cerebral thrombosis has the highest incidence of stroke, accounting for more than half of all stroke cases, and occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly people aged 55-65, more in men than women. It mostly develops in the quiet state. Initially, there may be numbness, weakness, dizziness and headache of the limbs, and within 2-3 days, half of the limbs may be lost, aphasia, impaired consciousness, coma, etc., causing death in severe cases. The clinical symptoms of cerebral thrombosis and cerebral hemorrhage have many similarities and are extremely confusing, but the treatment options are diametrically opposed, with the former requiring hemolysis and the latter requiring coagulation. The prognosis of cerebral thrombosis is better than cerebral hemorrhage, but some patients will also have sequelae such as hemiplegia. 2, cerebral embolism (embolic cerebral infarction) Cerebral embolism is very different from cerebral thrombosis. Its primary cause is not in the brain, but the “embolus” formed in other parts of the body (mostly heart and limb blood vessels) enters the blood vessels and flows into the cerebral arteries, blocking the lumen, so that cerebral embolism occurs, causing local ischemia and softening of the brain tissue and causing the same consequences as cerebral thrombosis. What is an “embolus”? There are blood clots, fat, air, and superfluous organisms on the heart valves. The incidence of cerebral embolism is also very high, and the age of onset is mostly young and middle-aged people between 20 and 40 years old. It starts rapidly, mostly without aura, and the symptoms are similar to cerebral thrombosis, with headache, vomiting, unconsciousness, hemiparesis and other symptoms. Patients with a history of rheumatic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, subacute bacterial endocarditis, etc. are more likely to suffer from cerebral embolism than others. 3.Cerebral lacunar infarction (lacunar cerebral infarction) Lacunar cerebral infarction is a special type of cerebral infarction, which is an ischemic softening lesion of brain tissue caused by occlusion of tiny arteries in the deep part of the brain on the basis of hypertension and arterial infarction. The lesions generally range from 2 to 20 mm, with 2-4 mm being the most common. Clinically, patients are mostly asymptomatic, and about 3/4 of patients have no symptoms of focal neurological damage or only mild inattention, memory loss, mild headache and dizziness, vertigo, and unresponsiveness. The diagnosis of the disease is mainly CT or MRI examination. In contrast, multiple lacunar cerebral infarcts can affect brain function, leading to progressive mental decline and finally cerebrovascular dementia. The following measures should be taken to prevent and treat lacunar cerebral infarction: 1. Patients with hypertension should be treated with long-term medication and blood pressure should be measured regularly so that blood pressure is controlled in the normal range; 2. Patients with diabetes should strictly control their diet and insist on glucose-lowering treatment so that blood sugar is controlled in the normal range and blood pressure of diabetic patients should be controlled at ≤130/85 mmHg; 3. Patients with hyperlipidemia should be treated with lipid-lowering treatment; 4. Regular blood rheology 5.Regular heart examination, pay special attention to changes in cardiac function and arrhythmia, improve blood supply to the heart and prevent coronary heart disease; 6.Sudden onset of headache, dizziness, vertigo, memory loss, slow reaction, forgetfulness, blurred vision, facial numbness and other symptoms, should be vigilant, go to the hospital as soon as possible to do cranial CT for early detection and treatment; 7.Large The modern Chinese medicine with the effect of activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis, aromatic enlightenment and lowering lipid and anticoagulation, which has a comprehensive preventive and curative effect on the causative factors of lacunar cerebral infarction, can prevent recurrence while improving the symptoms when taken consistently. 4.Multiple cerebral infarction Multiple cerebral infarction refers to multiple ischemic softening infarction foci in the brain, also known as multiple cerebral softening. In addition to the common paralysis, sensory and speech impairment, dementia may also occur. Doctors refer to this type of dementia as multi-infarct dementia (i.e., atherosclerotic dementia). Multi-infarct dementia occurs in men between the ages of 50 and 60, and hypertension as well as atherosclerosis are the main causes. The more lesions in this disease, the higher the incidence of dementia, and bilateral infarcts are more likely to develop dementia than unilateral ones. Therefore, recurrence of cerebral infarction should be actively prevented. 5. Transient ischemic attack (TIA), commonly known as mini-stroke Many cerebral infarcts have had symptoms of weakness or numbness of one limb for a short period of time before the onset of cerebral infarction, accompanied by sudden unfavorable speech or slurred vomiting. However, it is not easy to attract attention because the above symptoms often disappear within a few minutes and the CT examination of the head is normal. In fact, this is a transient ischemic attack caused by microscopic cerebral thrombosis, which is medically known as mini-stroke. About half of the patients with mini-stroke will have hemiplegia within 5 years, so it is important to pay high attention to mini-stroke and seek early prevention and treatment. The pathological basis of transient ischemic attack is also based on cerebrovascular atherosclerosis, but the lesion is less severe and the ischemic time of brain tissue is short. The manifestations of mini-stroke are the same as those of stroke aura, mainly manifesting as sudden drop of objects in hands, hemiparesis, partial vision, hemianesthesia, monocular visual impairment, headache and dizziness, tinnitus and difficulty in swallowing, unfavorable speech, etc. The difference between mini-stroke and stroke aura is that the symptoms disappear quickly and last from a few minutes to an hour, up to 24 hours, and mini-stroke usually returns to normal within 24 hours. If the brain tissue of a mini-stroke patient is examined, no brain cell death will be found. After a mini-stroke, the patient’s brain cells should be completely normal. If it takes more than 24 hours, the patient will have brain cell death, which is then a cerebral infarction. The drugs for the prevention and treatment of mini-stroke should be a rational use of anti-platelet aggregation western drugs and lipid-lowering and anticoagulant herbs.