Most of the thrombocytopenia in Tibet is caused by physiological factors, but it may also be caused by diseases such as aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, acute leukemia, etc. The treatments include medication, transfusion therapy, surgery and so on.
1. Physiological factors: Most studies show that short-term exposure to areas with low oxygen content, such as plateaus, can lead to elevated platelet counts. However, long-term exposure to the low oxygen environment of plateaus can cause platelets to drop (the low oxygen environment will destroy the pathway of platelet production), but platelet activation will be enhanced. Generally there is no need for treatment, regular observation and monitoring of changes in indicators is sufficient.
In Tibet, most of the thrombocytopenia is physiologic.
2. Aplastic anemia: oral cyclosporine, intravenous infusion of anti-human thymocyte globulin and so on.
3. Myelodysplastic syndrome: platelets <30×10⁹/L and bleeding tendency is obvious, platelet transfusion. If the anemia is severe, concentrated red blood cells can be transfused. For those with signs of iron overload due to repeated transfusions, desferrioxamine (Deferasirox), etc., may be administered. Hematopoietic growth factors can also be applied to promote the recovery of hematopoietic function, such as thrombopoietin.
4. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: commonly used drugs include prednisone, danazol, rituximab, azathioprine and so on. If necessary, splenectomy can be taken. Patients with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia can be treated with blood transfusion.
In addition to the above diseases, if the above symptoms are serious or accompanied by other adverse symptoms, it is recommended to go to the hospital in a timely manner to improve the relevant examination, to clarify the cause of the disease, and then give targeted treatment. The above medications should be used under the guidance of a pharmacist or doctor, avoid self-medication.