Lung cancer patients and their families may have many confusions about whether they can, or are suitable for surgery, and even if the indications are clear, they may have some concerns about the outcome. Here is a brief description of the surgical selection criteria for non-small cell lung cancer patients. First of all, the tumor should be resectable, which includes the lung tissue where the tumor is growing and also the surrounding lymph nodes that are involved. For resection of lung tissue, we can choose the most standard lobectomy, which is the removal of a basic unit of the lung (a person has a total of 5 lobes), or we can choose partial or segmental lung resection, or total lung resection. The intrapulmonary, and interlobular lymph nodes we remove along with the lobes of the lung that are removed. There is some controversy regarding the clearance or removal of ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes. For those with a clear preoperative diagnosis of multiple ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes with metastases, we recommend adjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. For those with only one group of mediastinal lymph node metastases or a small number of mediastinal lymph nodes remaining after adjuvant chemotherapy, surgery can be pursued. Surgery is not recommended for those with contralateral mediastinal lymph node metastasis, malignant pleural effusion and pleural dissemination, and distant organ metastasis. Secondly, we have to see whether the patient’s physical condition tolerates the surgery, firstly, whether the lung function can tolerate lobar or total non-surgery, generally we hope that the expected first second lung volume after surgery cannot be less than 1L, otherwise it may bring serious postoperative respiratory insufficiency. Another thing is what is the functional status of the heart, brain and other vital organs? We do not recommend immediate surgery if the patient has a recent cerebrovascular accident or myocardial infarction; the former requires a stabilization period of 1 month, and the latter at least 3 months to 6 months. Underlying diseases such as diabetes and hypertension do not affect the surgical options.