It is usually caused by inflammation of the mediastinum with an enlarged mediastinal turbinate. Mediastinitis (mediastinitis) is divided into two types: septic and chronic fibrous lesions. Acute mediastinitis is mostly caused by bacterial infection after surgical biopsy or perforation of esophageal or tracheal tumor ulceration, and a few are caused by the spread of septic infection of the lung, pleura, and pericardium, mainly as a symptom of acute infection; chronic mediastinitis is mostly a granuloma-like lesion caused by primary tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and nodular disease, mainly causing the manifestation of compression of the superior vena cava and other organs in the mediastinum. What are the prevention methods of mediastinitis? 1, a large number of antibiotics to control the infection, beware of dysbiosis. 2.Supportive therapy. 3.Strengthening exercise. Different measures are taken mainly according to different etiologies, such as antibiotics to control inflammation, hormones to promote absorption, diuretics to reduce edema, and low-molecular dextrose to promote venous collateral circulation, etc. for symptom reduction to await the establishment of collateral circulation. Remove the cause, drainage as soon as possible, control infection, and nutritional support. The main treatment of acute mediastinitis is to deal with the cause of occurrence, such as those caused by accidental swallowing of foreign objects such as date kernels and diamond horns, which must be removed and drained at the same time in order to control the infection. If the foreign body has entered the chest cavity or formed a side of the abscess chest, the chest must be opened to remove the foreign body and drainage at the same time. If it is caused by penetrating trauma or after surgery, specific treatment must be carried out according to the injury and condition. Large amount of antibiotics to control infection, blood and fluid transfusion to prevent and control shock. Nutritional support, O2 suction, physical or pharmacological cooling to reduce systemic consumption are important measures. If the esophageal perforation must be fasted, in order to maintain nutrition, gastrostomy or jejunostomy, gastrointestinal nutrition or subclavian vein puncture, deep venous nutrition is feasible.