Mild beta-thalassemia does not require treatment, while intermediate and severe types are treated with blood transfusions, iron chelator therapy, splenectomy and splenic artery embolization, antioxidants, gamma bead protein gene activators, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Mild beta-thalassemia does not need to be treated. Intermediate and severe beta-thalassemia are treated with the following measures: 1. blood transfusion: heavy β-thalassemia currently advocates the use of high transfusion method to maintain the patient’s hemoglobin at 100~120g/L. Most of the intermediate β-thalassemia can usually maintain hemoglobin above 75g/L, and do not need to rely on long-term regular blood transfusion. 2. Iron chelator therapy: mainly including deferoxamine, deferiprone and deferasirox. 3. Splenectomy and splenic artery embolization: Splenectomy or splenic artery embolization can be given to those with giant spleen or (and) hypersplenism to reduce hemolysis. 4. Antioxidants: such as vitamin E, vitamin C, etc. can stabilize erythrocyte membrane and reduce hemolysis. 5. γ-bead protein gene activator: such as hydroxyurea, 5-azacytidine, leucovorin and other drugs can improve the symptoms of anemia. 6. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and umbilical cord blood transplantation are the only methods to eradicate β-thalassemia major at present. If β-thalassemia is diagnosed, it is recommended to take standardized treatment under the guidance of physician as early as possible, and not to take medication by oneself in order to reduce the adverse effects of the disease.