In the not-so-distant past, when I first started working, we obstetricians and gynecologists didn’t even know that HPV had anything to do with gynecological diseases, we just knew that HPV infection could cause genital warts. As time went by and scientific research progressed, we realized that HPV can cause tumors of the reproductive tract, such as vulvovaginal cancer and cervical cancer. In those days, we did cervical smears during gynecological checkups, but now smears have evolved to TCT, and HPV testing has gradually become the first choice for cervical screening, and even has the tendency to take the top seat. So what common sense should the people know about it? In the first two articles I talked about how it is infectious and gave a story about HPV causing cancer, but what exactly is it and is it very far or very close to us? HPV (human papillomavirus) as the name suggests is a virus that we can’t see or smell, it has a huge family of nearly a hundred people, and according to whether it causes cancer is divided into two small families of low risk and high risk, the low risk ones mainly lead to genital warts, while the high risk ones mainly lead to genital tract tumors. We gynecologists are more concerned about the high-risk guys, and 16, 18, 31, 45 are the key risk elements among the high-risk ones. So if you are found to be positive for HPV type 16 or 18 at the time of screening, your doctor will recommend colposcopy and cervical biopsy. Don’t think that HPV infections that cause cervical cancer are reserved for sex workers. Know that the chance of infection in a woman’s lifetime is 75-90 percent, and almost everyone deals with HPV. This is because it is not just transmitted through sex, and of course women with multiple sexual partners have a greater chance of infection and less chance of clearance. Fortunately, our bodies have a strong immune system and HPV is a passer-by in most cases. Because HPV infection is asymptomatic in many cases, there are times when small genital warts will go unnoticed by you and precancerous lesions of the genital tract or even early cancerous lesions will not show any symptoms. Irregular vaginal bleeding, especially contact bleeding, and heavy vaginal drainage are more specific signs of genital tract lesions, and it is important to seek medical attention if these problems occur. Don’t ask the doctor to cut the uterus because of the fear of cancer, because if it is only a precancerous lesion, the innocent one is the uterus. If it is cervical cancer, you are the one who is unlucky. Did you know that just cutting the uterus for cervical cancer is wrong and may even lead to difficulties in follow-up treatment?