Diabetic lower extremity arteriopathy (PAD) is one of the most serious chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, and its prevalence is closely related to age, disease duration, level of glycemic control, and the presence of combined hypertension and lipid metabolism disorders. The prevalence of PAD derived from epidemiological surveys is also directly influenced by the means of detection. In a study in the United States, the prevalence of PAD was 20% in diabetic patients aged 40 years and 29% in those aged >50 years, using the ankle-brachial index (ABI) as a diagnostic tool and an ABI <0.9. In addition to causing ischemic ulcers and amputations in the lower extremities, PAD can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death. The prognosis for CLI is extremely poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 50% or less. The treatment of CLI is not only to relieve symptoms, improve the function of the affected limb and prevent amputation, but also to prevent the progression of systemic atherosclerosis (AS) to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. At present, the main treatments are control of hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and removal of risk factors such as smoking, mandatory exercise, application of antiplatelet and vasodilator drugs, as well as circulatory reconstructive surgery [surgery (e.g., bypass graft or endarterectomy), endovascular intervention (e.g., stent placement or balloon dilation)]. About 40% of patients with CLI do not improve their prognosis with these treatments, and amputation is currently considered the last treatment option to save their lives, but the overall mortality rate after amputation is about 25% to 50%. or have failed to respond favorably to circulatory reconstruction. For these "no other treatment options" patients, pharmacologic therapy has limited effect in slowing progression and preventing amputation. Therefore, exploring new treatment strategies for circulatory reconstruction in ischemic limbs is of great clinical importance to reduce amputations and improve patients' quality of life.