How to choose fundus angiography scientifically

  At present, domestic and foreign colleagues generally believe that fundus angiography (FFA) is an important criterion for confirming the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and it is difficult to avoid subjecting patients to repeated FFA examinations during the long-term diagnosis and treatment process for the purpose of controlling the development of DR, but the risk of this invasive examination is not sufficiently understood. The proportion is high, and serious reactions occur from time to time. Blindly expanding the scope of indications for screening is easy to increase the potential risk and increase the cost and cost of treatment.  The timing of ophthalmologic examination is recommended by foreign diabetic control groups: type 2 diabetes requires the first examination at the time of diagnosis, and subsequent examinations every 1-2 years, but the timing of FFA examination is not proposed. Currently, there is a lack of guidance and recommendations for FFA examination in DR patients in China, therefore, the subject of rational selection of the timing of FFA examination also needs further research.  The requirement of non-invasiveness in the clinical treatment process has been the highest requirement in the medical community. for diabetic patients, screening by one fundus color photography can enable patients to make early diagnosis of DR without FFA examination, guide patients to determine the timing of receiving the first FFA examination, and reduce unnecessary FFA examination. although FFA is an irreplaceable examination method before laser treatment, combined with clinical experience For DR patients, we tentatively propose: 1. For patients diagnosed with stage 1 and 2 fundus examination, it is recommended to determine the time to receive the first imaging examination, i.e., the time to choose to perform one FFA examination for the first time regardless of the size of microangioma in the posterior pole with more than 20 and small pieces of retinal hemorrhage or exudation, or macular edema for more than 3 months; 2. For patients diagnosed with stage 3, it is recommended to determine the choice of initial and repeat FFA examination. For patients with stage 4 diagnosis, it is recommended to determine the choice of initial and repeat FFA examination, i.e. to immediately encourage and motivate patients to have FFA examination once, and then to have FFA examination every 3 months, and for those with unstable blood glucose, to have FFA examination every 1 month. Repeat FFA once.  4, for patients with stage 5 DR, fundus color images can identify a large number of vascular abnormalities, extensive neovascularization, as well as retinal hemorrhage, patients with clear refractive interstitial, no preretinal hemorrhage, proliferative membrane, retinal detachment by traction, as well as a small amount of retinal hemorrhage, suitable for total retinal photocoagulation treatment, without FFA examination, immediately scrambled to laser photocoagulation treatment, through repeated 4 After 1 month of repeated 4-5 laser photocoagulation treatments, patients still need to undergo immediate FFA review to determine the atrophy of neovascularization and photocoagulation coverage of the non-perfused area, as well as the need for supplemental laser treatment, and then review the FFA every 1 month until retinal vascular proliferation has completely stopped and residual visual function is stable.