Dampness and uncleanliness in the perineal area is most often due to anal incontinence resulting in retained fecal matter. Careful questioning and physical examination can identify the etiology of most fecal incontinence. Pre-treatment radiologic and physiologic studies can confirm the diagnosis, and relevant abnormalities of gastrointestinal function and detection of anal sphincter defects can provide objective baseline information. The general examination of the moist and unclean anal perineal area includes the following: 1. Questioning 50% of patients with fecal incontinence will not voluntarily complain of having symptoms unless asked in detail Questioning the history is an art. When the patient visits the doctor, the doctor has the responsibility to encourage the patient to recount the history in detail and guide or directly ask about the situation. (1) medical history: to understand whether there is a history of surgery, birth injury, trauma, the course of the disease and treatment, etc.. (2) Symptoms: including: ① self-control of defecation, the presence or absence of the urge to defecate, the number of bowel movements per day self-care conditions; ② extra-anal symptoms, such as urinary abnormalities, spinal conditions, intellectual sanity and mental status. 2.Local examination Anal examination can understand whether there are local factors leading to fecal incontinence. (1) Visual examination: pay attention to the presence of fecal contamination, ulcers, eczema skin scarring, mucous membrane prolapse, anal dilatation and so on. (2) Palpation: pay attention to the anal sphincter contraction force anorectal ring tension. (3) endoscopy: observe the color of rectal mucosa, the presence of ulcers, inflammation, bleeding tumors, stenosis and anal fistula, etc.. Careful questioning and physical examination can identify the etiology of most fecal incontinence. Pre-treatment radiologic and physiologic examinations can confirm the diagnosis, and relevant abnormalities of gastrointestinal function and detection of anal sphincter defects can provide objective baseline information.