The average survival time for malignant tumors of the thyroid gland is more than five years if they are diagnosed early and treated promptly. Because malignant tumors of the thyroid gland are relatively slow to develop, they are inert tumors, including papillary, follicular, medullary and undifferentiated carcinomas, and radical resection should be actively performed at an early stage. After surgery, regular thyroid color ultrasound examination and thyroid function measurement are required, because long-term thyroxine replacement therapy, i.e., exogenous thyroxine supplementation, is needed to relieve the patient’s thyroxine deficiency and low thyroid function. In addition, attention should be paid to increasing dietary nutrition and eating more high-protein foods. For a small number of patients with undifferentiated carcinoma, the survival time is relatively short and systemic intravenous chemotherapy with radioactive iodine therapy is required after surgery.