Five types of retrograde
1. terminal erratic reflexes caused by disease or surgical irritation of any part of the phrenic nerve via the road.
2, reflex eruptions caused by inflammation of the abdominal organs, tumors, bullae, ascites, pregnancy, or after abdominal surgery.
3, neurological eruptions not found positive on systemic systemic examination, predominantly in the late teens to 40s and 50s.
4, Central erratic reflexes caused by intracranial tumors, hemorrhage, edema, inflammation, cerebral blood circulation disorders and poisoning.
Etiology of retrograde
1. Central erratic reflux.
(1) neurological such as encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, brain tumor, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, early epilepsy, etc.
(2) Toxicity can be seen in ethanol, cyclopropane, lead, barbiturates poisoning, systemic infection with toxemia.
(3) Psychogenic such as devastation or hypersensitivity.
2.Peripheral eruption.
(1) Thoracic disorders such as diseases that stimulate the phrenic nerve: mediastinal tumor, aortic aneurysm, esophageal tumor or mediastinal lymph node enlargement, pericarditis, etc.
(2) Diaphragmatic disorders such as pneumonia combined with diaphragmatic pleurisy, diaphragmatic hernia, etc.
(3) intra-abdominal disorders: any cause that can increase abdominal pressure or stimulate the diaphragm can cause eruption, including gastric dilatation, overeating, gastrointestinal distension, etc.
3, other: such as metabolic disorders erratic see in various reasons caused by low potassium, low magnesium, low calcium, metabolic acidosis, etc.
Causes of erratic reflux
1.Drinking too many drinks will dilute the digestive juices, and the lower the concentration of digestive juices, the heavier the hiccups will be.
2.Taking aspirin and other drugs that are easy to bubble up.
3.Inflatable drinks. Compressed gas from champagne or Coke cans bubbles out of the digestive tract with the same force, causing hiccups.
4. Anxiety. When in a state of high mental stress, the body’s need for oxygen increases. As a result, you will want to mechanically suck in a lot of air with your mouth like a fish, and burp together.
5.Hot coffee or hot tea. The steam from hot coffee or hot tea will be inhaled along with a lot of air, and in order to make something hot cool quickly, you will blow, which will also inhale a lot of air into your body.
6, eat too fast. When you eat in a hurry, you will inhale a lot of air.
7. Talking too much while eating can also cause hiccups.
8.Some diseases.
Non-pharmaceutical treatment
1. Simple methods: such as distracting conversation, pain or other uncomfortable stimuli, drinking ice water, using a paper or plastic bag over the nose or mouth to do repeated breathing, drinking large gulps of water and swallowing them, and doing Valsalva movements (i.e., holding your breath after a deep inhalation and exhaling with force) to block the reflex arc of eructation.
2.Mechanical stimulation method: the tongue can be held (so that the patient stretches the tongue with gauze wrapped outward traction 3 ~ 5min, while making deep inhalation, discard gas action) or through the nasal cavity inserted into the soft catheter, generally inserted 8 ~ 12cm, moving the catheter back and forth to stimulate the pharynx, due to blocking the erratic reflex ring, often can make the erratic reflex stop.
3.Acupressure method: The therapist presses both thumbs on the patient’s bilateral orbits, which is equivalent to the supraorbital nerve, as much as the patient can tolerate, and rotates both thumbs alternately for 2~4min, and asks the patient to hold his breath rhythmically.
4.Knead the eyeballs: the patient closes the eyes, the doctor will place both thumbs on the patient’s bilateral orbits and moderately knead the upper part of the eyeballs in a clockwise direction until the eruption stops. If the heart rate suddenly falls below 60 times / min should stop the operation, glaucoma and high myopia is contraindicated, heart disease is used with caution.
5, swallowing smoke method: take a long round cardboard box, one end open, put the paper scraps lit by fire into the box, so that it goes out to produce smoke, immediately press the open end of the box around the mouth, leaving the nostrils, ask the patient to open the mouth to do feeding action, swallow the smoke, avoid using suction, swallow 1 ~ 2min, erratic can be stopped.