In recent years, intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) has been used more frequently in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.The role of IONM is threefold: firstly, it helps in the identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Secondly, it helps in the anatomical freeing of the surgical area. When dissecting the region of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, multiple electrical stimulations can be taken to trace the recurrent laryngeal nerve and discover its branches; thirdly, it helps to determine the postoperative nerve function. The anatomical integrity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is not equal to the physiological functional integrity, and the nerve function can be reconfirmed by electrical stimulation before the end of surgery. Although the magnification of the lumpectomy helps to identify the nerve, it is still a far cry from IONM, and therefore many lumpectors are now applying IONM to lumpectomy thyroid surgery. In a prospective randomized controlled study including 72 lumpectoscopic thyroid surgeries, IONM was used in 36 cases and the lumpectoscopic identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve alone in 36 cases in the control group, and it was found that no permanent damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve occurred in either group, and the rate of temporary damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve was 8.3% in the control group compared with 2.7% in the IONM group (p<0.01); the rate of detection of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was 83% in the IONM and The detection rate of the supraglottic nerve was 83.6% V.S. 42% in the control group (P < .05), and the authors concluded that the application of IONM allows the lumpectomy surgeon to feel more comfortable and relaxed.