Hyperbaric Oxygen
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the use of hyperbaric oxygen for therapeutic purposes in a high-pressure environment by inhaling pure oxygen through a mask or similar device in an air-pressurized chamber, or by breathing the chamber gas directly in an oxygen-pressurized chamber.
Direct effects of hyperbaric oxygen
I. The way the blood transports oxygen under hyperbaric oxygen changes, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood increases significantly
Under atmospheric pressure, oxygen from the lungs into the blood, the vast majority of oxygenated hemoglobin, the physical dissolved amount of 0.3ml/100ml under high pressure, oxygen from the lungs to the blood and body fluids diffusion mode is mainly physical dissolution, in 2.5 ATA under the absorption of pure oxygen, the amount of dissolved oxygen per 100ml of blood mentioned more than 5.6ml meaning after the increase of physical dissolved oxygen under hyperbaric oxygen 1 to achieve bloodless survival under hyperbaric oxygen hemoglobin-bound Oxygen dissociates very little or even not at all. Under hyperbaric oxygen therapy conditions even without hemoglobin, blood survival can still be temporarily maintained.2 The amount of physical dissolved oxygen increases significantly, thus little dissociation of bound oxygen is needed, which changes the way of oxygen dissociation supply, which is the basic factor of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, that is, the oxygen required by the metabolism of the body does not need to rely on HbO2 dissociation, and can be satisfied by physical dissolved oxygen supply alone
Secondly, the oxygen storage capacity of tissues under hyperbaric oxygen increases, which obviously improves the blood supply of ischemic and hypoxic tissues and enhances the function of microcirculation
Under normal temperature and pressure, the oxygen consumption is 3-4 ml/min, the time limit of circulatory safety block is 3-4 minutes, and pure oxygen is absorbed under 3ATA, 53 ml/kg, 8-12 minutes.
The effective diffusion radius of oxygen in blood is 30um, while the effective diffusion radius of oxygen in blood under hyperbaric oxygen can reach 100um. The diffusion rate and effective diffusion radius of oxygen increase, and the depth and range of diffusion increase, which makes the tissue cells that cannot be reached deeply under normal pressure can obtain sufficient oxygen supply, increase tissue oxygen storage and correct hypoxia. .
Hyperbaric oxygen affects collagen fiber properties, accelerates collagen repair and wound collagen synthesis, and also increases the RNA/DNA ratio in tissues, predicting the growth of rough endoplasmic reticulum in traumatized cells and a higher degree of enhanced cell differentiation, promoting wound healing
Many of the unique therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy are due to the increased penetration of oxygen. In particular, in cerebral infarction, hyperbaric oxygen can revive the semidark zone, thereby reducing the extent of infarction
Fourth, hyperbaric oxygen inhibits the growth and reproduction of anaerobic bacteria – 1 hyperbaric oxygen has a strong inhibitory effect on anaerobic bacteria 2 hyperbaric oxygen also has an inhibitory effect on certain aerobic bacteria 3 hyperbaric oxygen enhances the phagocytic ability of white blood cells and can enhance the antibacterial effect of certain antibacterial drugs (it has a unique therapeutic effect on diabetic foot and can avoid amputation of gas gangrene of the limb)
V. Compression and dissolution of gases imprisoned in the body
Indirect effects of hyperbaric oxygen
1.The effect on cardiovascular and collateral circulation – vertebral artery and hepatic artery are dilated under hyperbaric oxygen, so hyperbaric oxygen has therapeutic effect on patients with insufficiency of vertebral artery blood supply, coma and liver disease
2, hyperbaric oxygen can make the coagulation function mildly reduced, red blood cell reduction, red blood cell reduction effect and mild anticoagulant effect on cerebral infarction, coronary heart disease, erythrocytosis beneficial
3.Hyperbaric oxygen can reduce the secretion of digestive juices, enhance gastrointestinal peristalsis, improve liver function, and make intestinal gas absorption, so hyperbaric oxygen can be used for peptic ulcer, intestinal emphysema disease, liver disease, etc.
4, hyperbaric oxygen has excitation and regulation effect on endocrine system, can promote the secretion of adrenal cortical hormone increase, equivalent to the application of glucocorticoid, so hyperbaric oxygen has certain curative effect on a variety of allergic diseases; hyperbaric oxygen can make the adrenal medullary secretion of renin increase; hyperbaric oxygen can promote the secretion of insulin and improve its function, so it has curative effect on diabetes; hyperbaric oxygen can promote the secretion of thyroid hormone. It has therapeutic effect on those with low thyroid function. In practice, it is found that conventional hyperbaric oxygen also has therapeutic effect on mild hyperthyroidism, so hyperbaric oxygen is not only excitatory to endocrine function, but also excitatory and regulatory.
5.Hyperbaric oxygen has inhibitory and regulating effects on the immune function of the body. Hyperbaric oxygen can inhibit cellular immunity and humoral immunity, and has certain therapeutic effects on allergic diseases (immune dysfunction) and organ transplant rejection. Hyperbaric oxygen has a therapeutic effect on viral diseases and AIDS, and in recent years it has been found that hyperbaric oxygen can enhance the immunity of the body against cancer.
6, the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on the kidney: renal vasoconstriction (contraction of the outgoing artery is greater than the incoming artery), renal blood flow decreased, but the rate of glomerular filtration increased, renal function improved.
7, hyperbaric oxygen has a mild excitatory effect on the central nervous system brain is the largest oxygen-consuming organ in the body, hyperbaric oxygen can promote oxidative metabolism in the brain and improve its function. Hyperbaric oxygen has the effect of promoting awakening for comatose patients, and the permeability of blood-brain barrier increases under hyperbaric oxygen, which can increase the effect of drugs on encephalopathy
8, hyperbaric oxygen can enhance the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on malignant tumors
9, the repair effect of hyperbaric oxygen on injury tissue injury, the damaged area appears exudate, edema, degeneration, necrosis and other changes. Under hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the partial pressure of oxygen in damaged tissues is increased, hypoxia is improved, metabolism is strengthened, ATP production is increased, fibroblast proliferation is active, collagen fiber synthesis is increased, local blood circulation in damaged tissues is improved, exudation and edema are eliminated, new blood vessels are formed, collateral circulation is established, thus repair of epithelial tissues and damaged tissues and wound healing are accelerated.
Laboratory and clinical practice have confirmed that early hyperbaric oxygen therapy can reduce spinal cord hemorrhage, edema and hypoxia, thus allowing more damaged neural tissue to be saved, promoting the recovery of neurological function, accelerating the repair of burned area, improving the survival rate of transplanted skin pieces, promoting the regeneration of fracture debridement neovascularization and accelerating the formation of new bone.