Since the neck is exposed, parents often notice the presence of pediatric neck masses, and some will seek examination by a pediatric otolaryngologist, but there are still many parents who find a lump in their child’s neck and do not know what to do. Neck masses in children are not quite the same as adults, with congenital malformations and inflammation being the most common, while tumors are the most common in adults. Therefore, we have to treat pediatric neck masses separately according to their characteristics. Normal pediatric patients have lymph nodes in the neck and often have swollen lymph nodes in the neck due to cold, tonsillitis, toothache, etc. This is a normal inflammatory reaction and will disappear within a few days after treatment. Lymphadenitis should be considered if it does not go away for a long time, and lymph node tuberculosis should be ruled out if there are bead-like changes. A large proportion of pediatric neck masses are congenital. These masses are usually slow-growing, painless, soft or elastic, and round or oval in shape, and become swollen and painful only after infection and inflammation, such as thyroglossal cysts, dermatomal cysts, hemangiomas, lymphangioleiomas, and gill slit cysts. The site of the mass is also important, with thyroglossal cysts usually located in the center of the neck and gill slit cysts more common in the lateral part of the neck. When a doctor sees a child with a neck lump, he or she will first ask about the history, growth rate, whether it is painful, and when it was discovered, and will also assess the size, texture, appearance, and pressure of the neck lump itself. Ultrasound examination is useful to determine the cystic nature of the mass, its location, blood supply, presence of thyroid gland, and the relationship of blood vessels in the neck. can provide useful information about the extent of the lesion, its adjacent relationships, and blood supply. Pediatric neck masses are best treated with a clear diagnosis, but in many cases a preliminary diagnosis is made based on the shape and characteristics of the mass, and a definitive diagnosis is based on postoperative pathological section examination. The treatment modality for pediatric congenital neck tumors is mainly surgical complete removal after careful evaluation. Of course, it cannot be generalized. Inflammatory masses such as lymphadenitis are in principle treated with medication, including antibiotics, but if the treatment is not effective or if there are doubts about it, it can still be surgically removed to diagnose cum treat. Hemangioma can be observed and waited for, oral medications such as prednisone and insulin, and growing hemangioma can be locally injected with Pingyangmycin, and then operated when the effect is not good.